MSX is the name of a standard for home computers in the 1980s. MSX was conceived by Kazuhiko Nishi once a Microsoft Japan executive, now ASCII Corporation, who was attempting to create a single standard by which any company could build a compatible computer. Inspired by the success of VHS as a standard for video cassette recorders, many Japanese electronic manufacturers along with Goldstar, Philips and Spectravideo built and promoted MSX computers. Any piece of hardware or software with the MSX logo on it was compatible with MSX products of other manufacturers. In particular, the expansion cartridge form and function were part of the standard: any MSX expansion or game cartridge would work in any MSX computer.

Nishi's standard consisted primarily of several off-the-shelf parts, the main CPU was the Zilog Z80 running at 3.58MHz, graphics were provided by the Texas Instruments TMS9918 with 16 KB of dedicated VRAM in the design, and sound by the AY-3-8910 chip manufactured by General Instrument (GI). All of this alongside Microsoft's MSX BASIC configured a standard arguably superior to the competing Sinclair ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64 of the time, but also at a higher price point. This last factor was probably the main reason for it not to do so well outside of Japan despite all the benefits it brought to the market.

It is worth highlighting that until the appearance and great success of the Nintendo Famicom, MSX was the platform for which major Japanese game studios, including Konami and Hudson Soft among others, produced their titles. The Metal Gear and Castlevania series (originally called Vampire Killer) were born on the MSX.

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