A supercomputer is a computer that leads the world in terms of processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation, at the time of its introduction. The term "Super Computing" was first used by New York World newspaper in 1929 to refer to a large custom-built tabulators IBM made for Columbia University.
Supercomputers introduced in the 1960s were designed primarily by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), and led the market into the 1970s until Cray left to form his own company, Cray Research. He then took over the supercomputer market with his new designs, holding the top spot in supercomputing for 5 years (1985–1990). In the 1980s a large number of smaller competitors entered the market, in a parallel to the creation of the minicomputer market a decade earlier, but many of these disappeared in the mid-1990s "supercomputer market crash". Today, supercomputers are typically one-of-a-kind custom designs produced by "traditional" companies such as IBM and HP, who had purchased many of the 1980s companies to gain their experience, although Cray Inc. still specializes in building supercomputers.
More on [ Supercomputer ]

The National Center For Supercomputing - Information about supercomputing applications and research in the United States.
Meta Description: [ NCSA develops, deploys, and supports cyberinfrastructure to re-engineer the research process ]
A History of Supercomputing at Florida State University - Essay written by Jeff Bauer in early 1991.
Advanced Biomedical Computing Center - Facility provides computing support and technology to the scientists of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and extramural biomedical researchers.
Advanced Simulation and Computing - A United States government initiative to develop simulation capabilities suitable for weapons testing. Program details and links to university partners.
Meta Description: [ Sandia National LaboratoriesÂ’ Program Office for Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASCI) ]
Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing - Australian computing and communications systems infrastructure. Press releases, description of programs.
Coalition for Academic Scientific Computation - Links to member institutions and published papers.
CompInfo - High Performance Computing - Technical articles, news, events, publications, and manufacturer links.
Meta Description: [ Find the best sources of Internet-based information on Supercomputers and High Performance Computing ]
HPCwire - Online journal of the high performance computing industry.
ICC at Lawrence Livermore National Lab - Offers current scientific and networking research information.
Meta Description: [ Integrated Computing and Communications Department ]
National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure - Organization created to develop a national supercomputing infrastructure. Links to resources, current research projects, and outreach programs.
Primeur - Monthly newsletter about European high performance computing developments. Back issues available.
Scandal Supercomputing Project - Development of a portable environment for programming supercomputers. Project information and resources about parallel programming.
Scientific Supercomputing - Parts of this book are available online, with ordering information for a printed copy.
Summer Institute - A summer program for high school students to learn about supercomputing. Program information and application.
Supercomputers - A history of supercomputing.
Supercomputing Online - Includes news, analysis, and discussion about supercomputing.
Meta Description: [ Supercomputing Online - Homepage for the World’s High-performance Computing, Networking & Storage Professionals ]
TeraGrid.org - National Science Foundation's effort to build and deploy the world's largest distributed infrastructure for open scientific research. Information about partners and funding.
Meta Description: [ TeraGrid is an open scientific discovery infrastructure combining leadership class resources at eight partner sites to create an integrated, persistent computational resource. ]
Terascale Cluster - Information on Virginia Tech's super-computer based on Macintosh G5 computers. Includes history, pictures and implementation details.
Texas Advanced Computing Center - Provides computing resources to enhance research development capabilities.
Meta Description: [ The Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) is a research
facility at the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) and provides advanced computing
resources & services to enable computationally-intensive research and conducts research &
development to enhance the capabilities of th... ]
The Journal of Supercomputing - Available in print and online. Searchable archives available to subscribers.
Top 500 Supercomputers - Ranking of supercomputers according to the LINPACK benchmark. Links to news articles.
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