Gourt > Computers > Software > Operating Systems > Unix > Security > Exploit Software
Computer software (or simply software) is the programs and procedures that enable a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware). This includes application software such as a word processor, which enables a user to perform a task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables other software to run properly, by interfacing with hardware and with other software.
The term "software" was first used in this sense by John W. Tukey in 1957. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. The concept of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a device to control computations was invented by Charles Babbage as part of his difference engine. The theory that is the basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Hally, Mike (2005:79). Electronic brains/Stories from the dawn of the computer age. British Broadcasting Corporation and Granta Books, London. ISBN 1-86-207663-4.
Relationship to hardware
Computer software is so called in contrast to computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. In computers, software is loaded into RAM and executed in the central processing unit. At the lowest level, software consists of a machine language specific to an individual processor. A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions (object code), which change the state of the computer from its preceding state. Software is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. It is generally written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language. High-level languages are compiled or interpreted into machine language object code. Software may also be written in an assembly language, essentially, a mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language must be assembled into object code via an assembler. More on [ Computer software ]
Exploits :: Hacking
Password Auditing :: Security
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Alec Muffett's Home Page - The author of Crack, a Unix password cracker. A collection of software, libraries, and documentation for Unix security.
Exploit World - Archive of exploits for many systems. Pages have not been updated since 1998 and are preserved only for posterity.
Meta Description: [ Exploit World -- Hundreds of security vulnerabilities in operating systems like Linux, Solaris, Windows, etc. For Hackers wishing to test their Network Security. I provide vulnerability assessment, description, and the exploits themselves ]
John the Ripper password cracker - A portable password cracker with built-in efficient implementations of multiple password hashing algorithms found on various Unix flavors. Additionally supports Kerberos AFS and Windows NT LanMan hashes, plus many more with contributed patches. Officially supported are most Unix-like systems (including Mac OS X), Win32, DOS. There're unofficial packages for BeOS and OpenVMS.
Meta Description: [ A fast password cracker for Unix, Windows, DOS, BeOS, and OpenVMS, with support for Unix, Windows NT/2000/XP/2003, and Kerberos AFS passwords, plus more with contributed patches ]
Rscan - Tool that lets a system administrator run complex or simple scanner scripts on any number of machines in a heterogeneous environment. Unmaintained since 1995.
Vapid Labs - Lists vulnerabilities, white papers and utilities.
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