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An X window manager is software that controls the placement and appearance of windows under the X Window System, a graphical user interface mainly used on Unix-like systems. Unlike the Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows platforms, which have historically provided a vendor-controlled, fixed set of ways to control how windows and panes display on a screen, and how the user may interact with them, window management for the X Window System was deliberately kept separate from the software providing the graphical display. The user can choose between various third-party window managers, which differ from one another in several ways, including:

  • customizability of appearance and functionality:
    • textual menus used to start programs and/or change options
    • docks and other graphical ways to start programs
    • multiple desktops and virtual desktops (desktops larger than the physical monitor size), and pagers to switch between them
  • consumption of memory and other system resources
  • degree of integration with a desktop environment, which provides a more complete interface to the operating system, and provides a range of integrated utilities and applications.

Alternative shells for Microsoft Windows have also emerged. For example, LiteStep can replace the user interface on Windows 95, 98, or NT with an Afterstep style. OS/2 ships with Presentation Manager as the default shell, but third party sources can supply alternatives.

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Window Managers for X - Guide to window managers for the X Window System. Descriptions, screenshots and configuration files for all popular window managers, along with related resources, including a news and discussion area.
Meta Description: [ A guide to window managers and desktops for the X Window System and Linux/UNIX ]

aewm - A minimalistic X11 window manager.

AfterStep Applets - Home of the distribution of applications for the AfterStep window manager.

500 amiwm - X window manager that tries to look and feel like Amiga Workbench.

B4Step Window Manager - B4Step is a Window Manager running under X11R6 with a different way to manage window banners. It can use OpenGL routines for animations, is Gnome compliant and has also a sound support.
Meta Description: [ B4Step : A Window Manager for X ]

Blackbox - Light window manager, without all those annoying library dependencies.
Meta Description: [ fast and light window manager for XFree ]

Evilwm - A minimalist Window Manager for the X Window System.

Fast Light Window Manager - Derived from wm2. Source code and binaries available.

FluxBox - A fast compact window manager based on the Blackbox, but offering more features.
Meta Description: [ FluxBox ]

Generic Window Manager Manual - GWM is an X window manager you can program using LISP.

GNUstep.org - Official site of GNUstep: free implementation of NeXTStep/OpenStep specification.

Ion - Text-editorish, keyboard friendly window manager.

LinuxPlanet Window Managers Page - Reviews of, and tutorials on, window managers under Linux, for beginners.
Meta Description: [ LinuxPlanet -- a world of premium information for Linux newcomers! We welcome people jumping from Windows and other Operating Systems to the latest sensation based on the Open Source software model. ]

mlvwm - Macintosh Like Virtual Window Manager.

Official AfterStep Development site - Site dedicated to Development of the AfterStep Window Manager. Includes HTMLized sources, daily activity log, and TODOs.

Open Look Virtual Window Manager - Based on olwm. Allows large virtual desktops.

Oroborus - A very minimalistic, but still fully configurable windowmanager.

pekwm - A good looking but lean windowmanager with support for dockapps, tabbed windows, automatic window manipulation, dynamic menus, key sequences.

Pie Menu Window Manager - Minimal window manager that uses pie menus.

PWM - Lightweight window manager for X11 that lets multiple client windows attach to the same frame.

Ratpoison Window Manager - A simple Window Manager with no fat library dependencies, no fancy graphics, no window decorations.

Sapphire Window Manager - Sapphire is a window manager for X11. It is small and fast while providing enough features to allow a person to accomplish a variety of tasks with a minimal amount of complexity. Sapphire also features a small code base written entirely in C++, root menus, and window decorations.

Sawfish - An extensible window manager using a Lisp-based scripting language. All window decorations are configurable and all user-interface policy is controlled through the extension language. This is no layer on top of twm, but a wholly new architecture.

Small Window Manager - Minimal window manager intended for use with small screen sizes.

The Mlvwm + Kfm Site - How to create a mac-like desktop in linux.

The Official AfterStep Site - NeXTStep-like windowmanager

The Scheme Configurable (Constraints?) Window Manager - A highly configurable X Window manager written and configurable with Guile Scheme. An absolute must for any hardcore Schemer who uses X Window. Now at version 0.99.6.1 with Gnome support, a CORBA interface, a complex constraint system for pseudointelligent window placement and management, extremely flexible decoration configurability, and a GUI configuration interface for non-Scheme hackers, plus an assortment of decoration themes.

The Stump Window Manager - A tiling, keyboard driven X11 Window Manager written entirely in Common Lisp.

VTWM - A virtual window manager for the X Window System. It is based on twm, and can be used just like twm. It provides multiple virtual screens, a 3D look, and lots of neat features.

Window Manager Icons Distribution - a project to provide an efficient configurable icon distribution

WindowLab - A small and simple window manager of novel design.
Meta Description: [ WindowLab: rethinking the window manager ]

wm2 - Really minimal window manager
Meta Description: [ wm2 is a window manager. ]

wmx - wmx is also a window manager. Home page quote : wmx is a window manager for X. It's based on wm2, and it retains a similar look and feel, but it's intended to provide an experimental vehicle for features that fall comfortably outside the scope of the manifesto for the original wm2.
Meta Description: [ wmx is also a window manager. ]

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