A license or licence in the sphere of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) is a document, contract or agreement giving permission or the 'right' to a legally-definable entity to do something (such as manufacture a product or to use a service), or to apply something (such as a trademark), with the objective of achieving commercial gain. Typically, the party giving the permission is referred to as the 'licensor' and the party receiving the licence as the 'licencee' or 'licensee'. To be able to license a right, the licensor must have legal title or 'proprietary right' to it. The licensor typically offers the license with specific limitations, such as the period of use, the territory of use, etc. Both the licensor and the licensee have specific obligations which is expressed in the body of the agreement or is expressed in the law of the country or region or an international covenant which governs the performance of the agreement.

In law, the document is the evidence of a license to be distinguished from the underlying license which is the actual permission to an act in a way that would be otherwise unlawful. Originally in reference to property, a license was the right of an individual to enter upon the property of another to do an act that would have otherwise been considered illegal as a trespass, such as walking in the woods, hunting game or swimming in the lake. To be distinguished from a license coupled with an interest which is an irrevocable license that granted some interest in land or in a chattel. Such a license could be enforced with an injunction. Licenses can be gratuitous, revokable at will (sometimes called a bare license) or a type of bailment.

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Tim O'Reilly has taken everything he and his company have learned training people in programming for two decades and condensed it into the format of this series. Even I can learn with it. by Dana Blankenhorn
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