Gourt > Computers > Software > Globalization > Internationalization (2)
Internationalization and localizationIn the Commonwealth Countries, except Canada, the spelling variants internationalisation and localisation are more common. are means of adapting products such as publications, hardware or software for non-native environments, especially other nations and cultures.
Scope
Focal points of internationalization and localization efforts include:
- Language
- Computer-encoded text
- Alphabets/scripts; different systems of numerals; left-to-right script vs. right-to-left scripts. Most recent systems use the Unicode to solve many of these character encoding problems.
- Graphical representations of text (printed materials, online images containing text)
- Spoken (Audio)
- sub-titles to video
- Computer-encoded text
- Date/time format, including use of different calendars
- Time zones (UTC in internationalized environments)
- Currency
- Images and colors: issues of comprehensibility and cultural appropriateness
- Names and titles
- Social Security numbers and passports
- Telephone numbers, addresses and international postal codes
- Weights and measures
- Paper sizes
The distinction between internationalization and localization is subtle but important. Internationalization is the adaptation of products for potential use virtually everywhere, while localization is the addition of special features for use in a specific locale. Subjects unique to localization include:
- Language translation,
- Special support for certain languages such as East Asian languages
- Local customs,
- Local content
- Symbols
- Order of sorting
- Aesthetics
- Cultural values and social context
Newest CIHE podcast up, our first in Spanish, on internationalization in Spanish higher ed: http://www.bc.edu/cihe/podcast
BC_CIHE (International Ed) Tue, 05 Jan 2010 20:38:39 -0000
Newest CIHE podcast up, our first in Spanish, on internationalization in Spanish higher ed: http://www.bc.edu/cihe/podcast
New release: Currency Internationalization: Global Experiences and Implications for the Renminbi http://bit.ly/7ehgoe
Economics_Books (new Economics Books) Tue, 05 Jan 2010 20:08:05 -0000
New release: Currency Internationalization: Global Experiences and Implications for the Renminbi http://bit.ly/7ehgoe
Currency Internationalization: Global Experiences and Implications for the Renminbi - Palgrave Macmillan. http://tinyurl.com/ychxzll
business_book (New Business Books) Tue, 05 Jan 2010 18:19:22 -0000
Currency Internationalization: Global Experiences and Implications for the Renminbi - Palgrave Macmillan. http://tinyurl.com/ychxzll
Currency Internationalization: Global Experiences and Implications for the Renminbi - Palgrave Macmillan. http://bit.ly/4xlbPB
technical_book (New Technical Books) Tue, 05 Jan 2010 16:38:21 -0000
Currency Internationalization: Global Experiences and Implications for the Renminbi - Palgrave Macmillan. http://bit.ly/4xlbPB
Currency Internationalization: Global Experiences and Implications for the Renminbi - Palgrave Macmillan. http://tinyurl.com/yc85blw
nonfiction_book (New Nonfiction Books) Tue, 05 Jan 2010 15:33:47 -0000
Currency Internationalization: Global Experiences and Implications for the Renminbi - Palgrave Macmillan. http://tinyurl.com/yc85blw
Currency Internationalization: Global Experiences and Implications for the Renminbi - Palgrave Macmillan. http://bit.ly/7aIEoT
new_textbook (New Textbooks) Tue, 05 Jan 2010 15:30:37 -0000
Currency Internationalization: Global Experiences and Implications for the Renminbi - Palgrave Macmillan. http://bit.ly/7aIEoT
i18nGurus - Open directory of links to internationalization (i18n) resources and related material.
Meta Description: [ Open directory of links to internationalization (i18n) resources and related material. ]
The Unicode Consortium - The official Unicode web site provides extensive information and resources for programmers, implementers and others involved in computer globalization work.
Meta Description: [ The Unicode Consortium and The Unicode Standard ]
Languages - FAQs on locales, language groups, system and user locales, codepage support, and Unicode support.
Meta Description: [ FAQs on locales, language groups, system and user locales, codepage support and Unicode support ]
ABLE Innovations, Inc. - A provider of software localization, internationalization, technical translation and related international services to start-up and multinational clients marketing their products worldwide.
Meta Description: [ Language technology and integrated globalization services for life sciences, financial services, technology and energy industries; providing consulting, localization, engineering, testing, globalization technologies and translation. ]
An annotated reference to the Thai implementations - This paper is an effort to collect and annotate relevant standards, technical and implementation aspects of Thai language implementation on various computer platforms.
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Complex scripts - FAQs on complex scripts, contextual shaping, character reordering, diacritics and special justification and wordbreak rules for complex scripts.
Idiom Technologies, Inc. - A supplier of software, strategy and services to establish and maintain a consistent, multi-lingual, multi-cultural web presence.
Meta Description: [ Idiom Technologies, Inc., a leading provider of XML-based global electronic publishing and globalization management solutions. ]
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Input Method Managers and Editors - FAQs on input method editors and input method managers in Windows 2000
International Systems Consultancy - Creator of Iranian and Urdu language/character set software.
Meta Description: [ The home of Persian, Farsi, Arabic, Urdu, Kurdish Sorani and Assyrian Syric software ]
ISO 3166-1: The Code List - The links below take you to either the English or the French language version of the country names and code elements of ISO 3166-1.
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG20 - ISO Internationalization WG20
Ken Lunde's CJK Resources - Chinese, Japanese and Korean languages resources.
LANGUAGE Element - Specifies a semicolon-delimited list of RFC1766 language codes used for international distribution.
Meta Description: [ Specifies a semicolon-delimited list of RFC1766 language codes used for international distribution. ]
Mailing list www-international@w3.org - Mailing list for the development of all aspects of internationalization and multilingualism on the World-Wide Web.
MAITS home page - The Multilingual Application Interface for Telematic Services consortium, internationalization APIs issues.
Mozilla International QA - The team responsible for ensuring support of international conventions such as character sets and date formats, as well as for ensuring that localized builds of the Mozilla client function properly.
Mozilla.org Language Enabling Project - Enabling Mozilla to support various languages and writing systems
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Netscape Internationalization - Here are a collection of papers and presentation authored by Netscape engineers involved in Internationalizing Netscape products.
Open Group Locales - Publications catalog and technical guides.
Meta Description: [ The Open Group is an international vendor and technology-neutral consortium that is committed to delivering greater business efficiency by bringing together buyers and suppliers of information technology to lower the time, cost and risk associated with integrating new technology across the enterp... ]
Programming for Internationalization FAQ -
The Open Group - Internationalisation Guide to align with XPG4. It is intended for system and application programmers developing internationalised software, and for end users who need to use the multi-locale features of an XPG4-compliant system.
Meta Description: [ The Open Group is an international vendor and technology-neutral consortium that is committed to delivering greater business efficiency by bringing together buyers and suppliers of information technology to lower the time, cost and risk associated with integrating new technology across the enterp... ]
W3C Internationalization and Localization - The W3C tries to make sure that WWW technology meets the needs of the global community.
Meta Description: [ Home page of W3C's Web Internationalization Activity--resources for increasing accessibility of the Web for worldwide audiences ]
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