CJK is a collective term for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, which constitute the main East Asian languages. The term is used in the field of software and communications internationalization.

The term CJKV means CJK plus Vietnamese, which used Chinese characters prior to adopting quốc ngữ (see Vietnamese alphabet).

These languages all have a shared characteristic: Their writing systems are partly or entirely based on Chinese characters—hànzì in Chinese, kanji in Japanese, hanja in Korean, and chữ nôm in Vietnamese. Chinese requires at least 4,000 characters for a basic vocabulary and up to 40,000 characters for reasonably complete coverage. Whereas Japanese and Korean use fewer characters—general literacy in Japan can be expected with about 2,000 characters, and the use of Chinese characters in Korea is becoming increasingly rare altogether—idiosyncratic use of Chinese characters in proper names requires knowledge (and therefore availability) of many more. The number of characters required for complete coverage of all these languages' needs cannot fit in the 256-character code space of 8-bit encodings, requiring at least a 16-bit fixed width character encoding or multi-byte variable-length encodings. The 16-bit fixed width encodings, such as Unicode up to and including version 2.0, are now deprecated due to the requirement that software in China support the GB18030 character set.

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