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Cryptography (or cryptology) is a discipline of mathematics and, in modern times, of computer science concerned with information security and related issues, particularly encryption and authentication and other applications such as access control.

Cryptography, as an interdisciplinary subject, draws on several fields. Prior to the early 20th century, cryptography was chiefly concerned with linguistic patterns. Since then, the emphasis has shifted, and cryptography now makes extensive use of mathematics, including aspects of information theory, computational complexity, statistics, combinatorics, and especially number theory. Cryptography is a branch of engineering, but an unusual one as it deals with active, intelligent and malevolent opposition (see cryptographic engineering and security engineering). There is also active research examining the relationship between cryptographic problems and quantum physics (see quantum cryptography and quantum computing).

Cryptography is a central part of the techniques used in computer and network security for such things as access control and information confidentiality. Cryptography is used in many applications that touch everyday life; the security of ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce all depend on cryptography.

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directory of related sites

RSA Laboratories - FAQ covering what cryptography is, explanations of terms, tools and techniques used, applications of cryptography and related laws.

chipSign - Manufacturer of integrated circuits for security acceleration. Specializes in cryptographic silicon solutions providing more than 15000 RSA signatures per second.
Meta Description: [ Manufacturer of integrated circuits and PCI cards for security acceleration. Specializes in cryptographic silicon solutions providing more than 15000 RSA signatures per second ]

CipherActive - Designer of software that accelerates public key cryptography.
Meta Description: [ Fast implementation of SSL. Accelerated implementaion of standard PKI algorithms like RSA, Diffie-Hellman and asymmetric / symmetric encryption algorithms like AES (Rijndeal), DES, 3DES. TLS. ]

CopySafe - Software system for the protection of online website content. Plugin allows viewing of encrypted images on end-user system, while disallowing saving of images.
Meta Description: [ Copy protect your web images and pages. Screen Capture and Print Screen is not possible with Copysafe. ]

Cryptographic Appliances - Develops hardware security products including cryptographic accelerator cards, secure appliances and supporting applications.
Meta Description: [ Cryptographic Appliances develops a range of security products including trusted hardware, cryptographic accelerators, secure appliances, and supporting applications. Many of its products utilize the Cryptlib security kernel and provide full support for OpenSSL. In an effort to promote se... ]

Dart Communications - PowerTCP Secure Tool integrates certificate management, authentication, SSL, PCT, and TLS encryption/decryption. Includes controls for Secure Tcp, SecureServer, SecureFtp, SecurePop, SecureSmtp, NT Service.
Meta Description: [ Secure SSL OCX, ActiveX Control, Component for TCP, FTP, POP included in the PowerTCP SSL Tool from Dart Communications ]

Data Encryption Information Center - A comprehensive site that guides ordinary users and students around the subject of data encryption.

Digilox - Software products combining encryption, bio-metric authentication and Digital Rights Management for protection of stand alone and web based digital data.
Meta Description: [ Digital Rights Management and e-security solutions for digital data. Digilox protection can be used on a wide range of digital products such as PDF files, Animations, software applications and CD’s. ]

Digital Security International - Backup tape drive encryption hardware. Product and company details, news and contact information.

500 Distributed Management Systems Ltd. - Manufacturer of user authentication tokens, including a CESG-certified version for UK Government use.
Meta Description: [ Develops and supplies key security components that build complete systems for the Internet for Access Control, Authentication and Key Management ]

DOMUS IT Security Laboratory - Accredited laboratory evaluates and certifies security and cryptographic products against Common Criteria, FIPS 140 and INTERAC (SPED).
Meta Description: [ Evaluation and certification of IT Security Products; primarily for FIPS, Common Criteria and INTERAC standards. ]

Encryption Software Inc - Public key encryption add-ons for a selection of instant messenging programs. Also offer elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) libraries.
Meta Description: [ Welcome to the home of Encryption Software, developers of powerful encryption technology ]

Encryption Wizard for Oracle - Offering data encryption software for the Oracle RDMBS. The Encryption Wizard can perform DES3 Encryption and obfuscation on a complete schema.
Meta Description: [ Featuring Oracle Database Encryption Software - The Encryption Wizard for Oracle ]

Fortify for Netscape - Provides free, world-wide, unconditional, full strength 128-bit cryptography to users of Netscape Navigator and Communicator.
Meta Description: [ Fortify provides free, world-wide, unconditional, full strength 128-bit cryptography to users of Netscape Navigator (v3) and Communicator (v4). ]

Ingrian Networks - Offers a security appliance that encrypts critical data in applications and databases.
Meta Description: [ Encrypt critical data in applications and databases--with Ingrian's solutions for ensuring complete data privacy ]

500 Megacryption - Data encryption software for mainframe environments. Supports most common algorithms and data compression. [z/OS, OS/390]
Meta Description: [ MegaCryption/MVS is an encryption and digital sealing product for OS/390-z/OS ]

Navastream - A leading provider of encryption devices for IP, ISDN, Email, and Cellular Communications, using Triple-DES and the newer AES standards.
Meta Description: [ Navastream-Imperial Cipher, the global standard in Personal Security Communications Devices and secure communications solutions. One of the last Independent German-American companies with a rich tradition and steeped history with names like Babylon, Sphinx, and BIGfire specializing in securing a... ]

North American Strong Cryptographic Software Archive - A listing of cryptographic software, available to North American users only.
Meta Description: [ Strong cryptographic software, libraries, and information about cryptography, data security, and privacy. ]

Pate Williams' Implementations - Cryptographic algorithms in C programming language.

PMC Ciphers Inc - Military strength file and disk encryption tools. Product descriptions, on-line purchasing and contact information.

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Meta Description: [ Sigaba - Secure messaging solutions: Secure Email, Secure IM, Secure Statements for protected document delivery ]

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This virus was a first that used encryption to avoid detection. It's falling character payload made it interesting ...
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