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This article is about a biological infectious particle; for the computer term, see computer virus. For other uses, see virus (disambiguation).

A virus (Latin, poison) is a submicroscopic particle that can infect the cells of a biological organism. At the most basic level viruses consist of genetic material contained within a protective protein shell called a capsid, which distinguishes them from other virus-like particles such as prions and viroids. The study of viruses is known as virology, and those who study viruses are called virologists.

Viruses are similar to obligate intracellular parasites as they lack the means for self-reproduction outside a host cell, but unlike parasites, which are living organisms, viruses are not truly alive. They infect a wide variety of organisms, both eukaryotes (such as animals and plants) and prokaryotes (such as bacteria). A virus infecting bacteria is known as a bacteriophage, which is used mainly in its shortened form phage.

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Claim your free video and free tools to tuneup and protect your computer against viruses and spyware. Click Here Now http://cli.gs/vLzLQR
Gary_Garnett (Gary Garnett) Sun, 13 Dec 2009 12:32:57 -0000
Claim your free video and free tools to tuneup and protect your computer against viruses and spyware. Click Here Now http://cli.gs/vLzLQR
Not liking how viruses are coming up on Twitter now :(
Yvonneds92 (Yvonne Sorensen) Sun, 13 Dec 2009 12:30:49 -0000
Not liking how viruses are coming up on Twitter now :(
Grrr too many viruses and spam on #fb ~ keeps me off of it. No more hourly visits or updates.
voiceofandrea (Andréa Michele) Sun, 13 Dec 2009 12:12:24 -0000
Grrr too many viruses and spam on #fb ~ keeps me off of it. No more hourly visits or updates.
I was following 5 guys I don't even know. I hate viruses! and spam!
MrsMaryStewart (Marzena) Sun, 13 Dec 2009 11:54:14 -0000
I was following 5 guys I don't even know. I hate viruses! and spam!
@Desormiere + encouragements du chef en chef : http://bit.ly/8GIAfV Bad viruses!
Sucelluce (MERLIN LE ZETETICIEN) Sun, 13 Dec 2009 11:48:57 -0000
@Desormiere + encouragements du chef en chef : http://bit.ly/8GIAfV Bad viruses!
@amarrrr r u talking about Microsoft Security Essentials? Wudn't know till I'm hit by worms and viruses ;)
shekharg (shekharg) Sun, 13 Dec 2009 11:41:47 -0000
@amarrrr r u talking about Microsoft Security Essentials? Wudn't know till I'm hit by worms and viruses ;)

 
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McAfee Virus Information - Virus alerts, mailing list, and searchable descriptions of common viruses.
Meta Description: [ McAfee offers virus protection, internet security software, personal computer updates, hacker protection and anti-virus downloads. ]

Symantec AntiVirus Research Center - Virus Encyclopedia site maintained by Symantec, makers of the popular Norton AntiVirus product.

#hackfix project - software configuration guides - Configuration guides for many popular antivirus and antitrojan packages

Antivirus World - Antivirus news, information, online tests, and useful downloads.
Meta Description: [ AntivirusWorld - Antivirus news, removal tools, fix instructions, how to delete viruses ]

AskMen.com - How To: Keep Your Computer Virus-Free - Article with basic advice on virus prevention, and a primer on computer virus terminology.
Meta Description: [ Computer Viruses- Protect computer against viruses ]

Burton Systems Software - Virus Avoidance Advice - Advice for avoiding and recovering from computer virus infections, mostly for users of Microsoft Windows. Includes links to many free tools and other resources.
Meta Description: [ Dave Burton's Virus Avoidance Advice ]

BusinessWeek Online - Mydoom's Most Damning Dynamic - Points out that Mydoom was so damaging only because so many individual net users were so unprotected despite education efforts that apparently do not have any significant effect on user behavior.
Meta Description: [ As a virus, it's a me-too uncreative piece of work. It's so damaging only because so many individual Net users are still so unprotected ]

CIAC Virus Database - No longer actively maintained. Detailed information on a number of older computer viruses, particularly for more obscure platforms.

comp.virus Newsgroup FAQs - FAQs from the comp.virus newsgroup

Computer Associates Virus Encyclopedia - Computer Associates alphabetical virus database. Searchable with clear descriptions of common viruses.

Computer Associates Virus Information Center - Virus information from makers of e-Trust Antivirus (formerly known as InoculateIT).
Meta Description: [ The Virus Information Center serves as a rich, up-to-the-minute resource, containing detailed information on viruses, worms, Trojans, and hoaxes, as well as valuable documentation on the implementation of comprehensive antivirus protection. CA’s eTrust Threat Analysis and Response Global Emerge... ]

Computer Virus Myths - The canonical reference for computer virus myths, hoaxes, and urban legends.
Meta Description: [ Learn about computer virus myths, hoaxes, urban legends, and the implications if you believe in them. You can also search a list of computer virus hoaxes from A to Z. ]

Computer Viruses In Unix Networks - Paper which examines in detail the problem of computer viruses as they relate to Unix and Unix-like systems.

davebauer.net - Avoiding Viruses - Information to help computer users learn how to protect computers from viruses and hackers.
Meta Description: [ Plain English description of how viruses work, how they exploit weaknesses in your computer, and how you can easily correct those exploits. Also learn how viruses spread, how they count on you, the user, to help them spread. You will learn how to recognize potential viruses and avoid them. Person... ]

404 Doug Muth's Anti-Virus Help Page - Independent site with extensive FAQs, papers, and other antivirus resources.

EICAR test file - Provides a standardized test file for signature based virus detection software. This file can be used to verify the correct operation of antivirus software without unnecessary exposure to viruses.

European Institute for Computer Anti-Virus Research (EICAR) - Combines universities, industry, media, technical, security, and legal experts from civil and military government and law enforcement as well as privacy protection organizations whose objectives are to unite non-commercial efforts against writing and proliferation of malicious code like computer viruses or Trojan Horses, and against computer crime and fraud.
Meta Description: [ eicar combines universities, industry and media plus technical, security and legal experts from civil and military government and law enforcement as well as privacy protection organisations whose objectives are to unite non-commercial efforts against writing and proliferation of malicious code li... ]

Examples of Malicious Computer Programs - Long essay that describes harm done by major computer viruses or worms, and discusses the nonexistent or lenient punishment for the authors or distributors of these malicious programs.
Meta Description: [ details of attacks by computer viruses and worms, and the legal consequences ]

F-Secure Virus Information Centre - A searchable database of virus descriptions, from the provider of F-Secure range of anti-virus software.

Fire Antivirus Kit - Virus Information Library - Provides detailed information on viruses
Meta Description: [ Many new and altered viruses being discovered every day, you need accurate, up-to-date information at your fingertips. New virus information is added to Virus Information Library to ensure that the most recent information is always available instantly! ]

404 History of Computer Viruses - A technically oriented history of computer viruses by Robert M. Slade.

How Stuff Works: Computer Virus - Multipart tutorial describes how computer viruses work.
Meta Description: [ Computer viruses range from pesky to outright dangerous. Clicking on what looks like a harmless e-mail message can lead to hours of recovery efforts, if not irreparable damage. Learn about computer viruses. ]

IBM's Antivirus Research - News and information about virus prevention, the latest in IBM's research, virus alerts, and lists of the latest hoaxes and hype.
Meta Description: [ Antivirus Research ]

Lets have fun with EICAR - Article showing how to test the effectiveness of anti-virus heuristics using modifications of the EICAR test file.

OpenAntiVirus Project - Project aimed at developing open source antivirus software comparable to current commercial offerings.
Meta Description: [ Home of the OpenAntiVirus Project ]

Panda Software Virus Laboratory - Up to date and in-depth descriptions of the most common viruses by Panda Software, makers of Panda Antivirus Platinum.

Personal Home page - Ferrie, Peter - Various research papers on computer viruses
Meta Description: [ This site provides articles and papers on computer viruses and anti-virus research. ]

Personal Home Page - Gordon, Sarah - Various papers on computer viruses, computer security, and ethics.

Personal Home Page - Harrold, Robert - Massive collection of antivirus links and news.
Meta Description: [ Free AntiVirus Checks Online & Security Downloads and News ]

Personal Home Page - Szor, Peter - Research papers on computer viruses written by Peter Szor. The site covers Windows viruses and worms and the development of polymorphic and metamorphic viruses.

RAV Virus Encyclopedia - Virus Encyclopedia provided by RAV - Reliable AntiVirus.

Secunia - Virus Information - Collects virus information from multiple anti-virus vendors, and the collected information is grouped and indexed. When certain conditions are met virus alerts are generated and can be emailed.
Meta Description: [ Secunia - Virus Information ]

Softpanorama University Skeptical Antivirus page - A skeptical look at anti-virus protection.

Solo Antivirus - Virus encyclopedia - Contains details about latest virus alerts and wide spread virus information.

Sophos Virus Analyses - This Sophos database holds the latest virus names and descriptions.
Meta Description: [ We have compiled threat analyses of some of the most common or interesting viruses, spyware, Trojans, worms, adware and PUAs detected by our products. ]

Team Anti-Virus - An organization for independent anti-virus researchers to facilitate communication, collaboration, and public education. Publishs and links to many papers written by independent researchers.
Meta Description: [ Reporting Computer Viruses and learning to fight them ]

500 TestVirus.org - Tool to automatically send EICAR test files in various formats to a given email address.

The Art Of Noh - A weblog on computer security, viruses, worms, trojans and other types of malicious software by Costin G. Raiu.

The WildList Organization International - Organization which maintains a fairly comprehensive list of computer viruses which are still found in the wild

Trend Virus Encyclopedia - Trend Micro issues regular advisories regarding new viruses, including a guide to avoiding them in the first place. Site covers risk factor of the newest viruses. lists top ten virus and offers a security alert archive.

Virus Bulletin - News and technical articles on developments on viruses and anti-virus products.
Meta Description: [ Independent malware journal and website with advice, reviews and tutorials ]

Virus Bulletin - Independent Anti-virus Advice - Independent anti-virus journal and website with advice, reviews and tutorials
Meta Description: [ Independent malware journal and website with advice, reviews and tutorials ]

Virus Information Library and Search - Database of viruses for research and informational purposes
Meta Description: [ VirusLibrary - Virus Information Library and Search ]

Virus or Hoax? - Created to provide basic information about viruses. Links to major anti-virus companies, public services, software downloads, and updates.
Meta Description: [ 'Virus or Hoax' provides you with everything you always wanted to know about viruses, but where afraid to ask. Freeware, Removal Tools & instructions, links to all major AV companies & Public Services, Hoaxes, Worms, Trojans Horses, Archive,.... ]

VirusList.com - Permanently replenishing information about new viruses. Mechanisms of breeding and operation, detailed analysis of algorithms of viruses. Methods to guard against computer viruses.

Windows Startup Tasks - Massive listing of tasks that may be running on a Windows system at startup, including tasks which may be created by viruses, worms, spyware, and trojans

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