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For other uses, see Ruby (disambiguation).
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- align=center bgcolor="#FF0000" Ruby
- align=center Ruby crystal before faceting,
length 0.8 inches (2 cm).
- align=center bgcolor="#FF0000" General
- CategoryMineral
- Chemical formula aluminium oxide with chromium, Al2O3::Cr
- align="center" bgcolor="#FF0000" Identification
- Color Red, may be brownish
- Crystal habit Varies with locality. Terminated tabular hexagonal prisms.
- Crystal system Trigonal
- Cleavage No true cleavage
- Fracture Uneven or conchoidal
- Mohs Scale hardness 9.0
- Luster Vitreous
- Refractive index ~1.77
- Pleochroism ?
- Streak white
- Specific gravity 4.0
- Fusibility perfectly
- Solubility ?
- align="center" bgcolor="#9966FF" Major varieties
- Pink sapphire Caused by a color impurity
and makes the stone
appear pink. Ruby is a red gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide) in which the color is caused mainly by chromium. Its name came from ruber, Latin for red. Natural rubies are exceptionally rare, but artificial rubies (sometimes called created ruby) can be manufactured by the Verneuil process fairly cheaply. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires.

Rubies are mined in Africa, Asia, Australia, and Greenland. They are most often found in Myanmar (= Burma), Sri Lanka, Kenya, Madagascar, and Thailand, but they have been found in the U.S. states of Montana, North Carolina and South Carolina. The Mogok Valley in Myanmar has produced some of the finest rubies. However, in recent years very few good rubies have been found there. In central Myanmar the area of Mong Hsu also produces rubies. In 2002 rubies were found in the Waseges River area of Kenya. Rubies are being mined at Audilamena in northeastern Madagascar. Sometimes spinels are found along with rubies in the same rocks and are mistaken for rubies. However, fine red spinels may approach the average ruby in value.

Rubies have a hardness of 9.0 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, and among the natural gems, only diamonds are harder.

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@katarnett Yes, Ruby Bear & Forrest. Brother and sister. They're the weirdest dogs (including our past bullies) we've ever owned.
ElisabethRappe (Elisabeth Rappe) Wed, 16 Dec 2009 08:01:55 -0000
@katarnett Yes, Ruby Bear & Forrest. Brother and sister. They're the weirdest dogs (including our past bullies) we've ever owned.
いろんな意味でコラっ！^^ RT @necamax: つくもたん×Rubyにikina姉御も対抗させてみたよ。おれがんばった。 http://twitpic.com/tp24g
amd_ikina (Ikina) Wed, 16 Dec 2009 08:01:37 -0000
いろんな意味でコラっ！^^ RT @necamax: つくもたん×Rubyにikina姉御も対抗させてみたよ。おれがんばった。 http://twitpic.com/tp24g
14ct HUGE OVAL Natural Red Ruby Loose Gemstone R23 http://shop.ebay.com/120504222110
Krishnagemz (Sunny Arora) Wed, 16 Dec 2009 08:00:48 -0000
14ct HUGE OVAL Natural Red Ruby Loose Gemstone R23 http://shop.ebay.com/120504222110
#8: The Slanket Blanket- Adult Blanket in Ruby Wine http://ff.im/-cYWJa
hazelgwilliams (Hazel G. Williams) Wed, 16 Dec 2009 08:00:41 -0000
#8: The Slanket Blanket- Adult Blanket in Ruby Wine http://ff.im/-cYWJa
#8: The Slanket Blanket- Adult Blanket in Ruby Wine http://ff.im/cYWIi
altonbhofman (Alton B. Hofman) Wed, 16 Dec 2009 08:00:41 -0000
#8: The Slanket Blanket- Adult Blanket in Ruby Wine http://ff.im/cYWIi
#NSIS is fast and robust, but wouldn't it be great if it had a modern scripting language - a #Ruby #DSL for example
perttuauramo (Perttu Auramo) Wed, 16 Dec 2009 08:00:39 -0000
#NSIS is fast and robust, but wouldn't it be great if it had a modern scripting language - a #Ruby #DSL for example

 
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Ruby Garden - Premier site for tracking many developments: forum; news, includes Ruby News Weekly (like Dr. Dobb's Python-URL!); announcements, future shock, biggest Ruby Wiki, useful surveys, links, people, libraries, ports.

Ruby-lang.org - Interpreted, dynamically typed, pure object-oriented, scripting language for fast, easy programming, from Japan. Simple, straightforward, extensible. Many features to process text files and do system management, as in Perl. More elegant than Perl, fewer parentheses than Lisp. Japan has more users of Ruby than Python. [Open Source]

A Ruby a Day - Dedicated site. Shows the things author Brian Schröder is doing with Ruby, has a full Ruby course, simple AI game, quiz solutions.

An Invitation to Ruby - Many links, review, comparison to other languages, code samples.

blade - Site opens with pretty graphic, and otherwise looks thin, but has huge archives of many Ruby mail groups: ruby-list, ruby-dev, ruby-ext, ruby-math, ruby-talk, fj.comp.lang.ruby, comp.lang.ruby, News, News2, Mailing Lists; linux-users.

Cetus Links: Ruby - Link page: describes language, links to central site, FAQs, references, newsgroup, mailing lists, books.
Meta Description: [ Cetus Links: 16604 Links on Objects and Components / Ruby ]

404 Comparing and Introducing Ruby - Short introduction to features, compares Ruby to Perl, Python. [PDF]

Features of Ruby - By Michael Neumann in English and German.

First European Ruby Conference - On 21-22 June 2003, University of Karlsruhe, Germany. Fee: 20 Euros to pay for Matz's flight. Language: English, or German where everyone knows it. All are welcome.

Free Opinion Weblog - About software development, mostly Ruby, agile methods, test driven methods.

O'Reilly Open Source Convention 2003: Ruby Sessions - By track, 10 July. OSCON conference is 7-11 July 2002, Portland, Oregon.
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Object Oriented Language 'Ruby' - Many useful, interesting scripts, patches, extension modules, and documentation.

PLEAC-Ruby - The Perl Cookbook presents a suite of common programming problems solved in that language. This project aims to gather fans of programming to implement solutions in many other languages. [Open Source]

RHDL Page - Ruby Hardware Description Language, implements EHDL in Ruby. Tar file download. [Open Source]
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404 ruby / K.Hiwada - Ruby tips, rb2c Ruby to C converter; experimental Ruby JIT compiler.

Ruby Central, Inc. - Non-profit organization dedicated to promoting growth of open source Ruby programming language; manages RubyConf, donation clearinghouse, presence and point of contact for corporate sponsors.
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Ruby User Groups - Ruby Garden Wiki pages for many RUGs, in many nations, on most continents.

404 Ruby Weblog - Open discussion forum for everything Ruby.

ruby-talk - Ruby mail list log/archive, powered by Shin-ichiro Hara's Ruby smart archiver.

Ruby: A Language with a Future - Hal Fulton's Ruby page, small but growing: links, software, and 'Thirty-seven Reasons I Love Ruby'.

RubyCentral - Ruby resource: One-click Windows installer; online copy of Programming Ruby: The Pragmatic Programmer's Guide. [Open Publication License]

RubyGarden.org - New threads and announcements from the ruby-talk mailing list (AKA comp.lang.ruby).
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500 RubyRing - WebRing of Ruby sites, some in/with English material.

rubyXML - Known as rubyXML/: news, articles, and links on XML development with the Ruby scripting language.
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Sydney Ruby Users Group - RubyGarden Wiki Page for Sydney's RUG

The Language Freak - Ruby - Ruby QuickRef, code snippets. MetaRuby project status. Ruby Language audit: 1.0.1 . RubyConf 2002, RubyConf 2003 schedule and online presentations. Ruby Cookbook.
Meta Description: [ Ruby facts, opinions, source code, links, and stuff. ]

The Open Encyclopedia Project - Ruby - Ruby programming language section for the Open Site online encyclopedia.
Meta Description: [ Computers: Programming: Languages: Ruby - Open Site. ]

The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC: Programming Ruby - Their home base: class reference, articles, tips, software downloads, links, and a zippy looking Ruby slide presentation. Book available as downloadable HTML and XML files.
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UnixApps: Ruby Project Information - Project status page: links, updates, comments.
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