A lisp is a speech impediment, historically also known as sigmatism. Stereotypically, people with a lisp are unable to pronounce sibilants (like the sound ), and replace them with interdentals (like the sound ), though there are actually several kinds of lisp. "Interdental" lisping is produced when the tip of the tongue portrudes between the front teeth and "dentalised" lisping is produced when the tip of the tongue just touches the front teeth.
The "lateral" lisp, where the 's' and 'z' sounds are produced with air escaping over the sides of the tongue, is also called 'slushy ess' or a 'slushy lisp' due to the wet, spitty sound. The symbols for these lateralized sounds are in the Extended International Phonetic Alphabet for speech disorders, and .
Finally there is the "palatal lisp" where the speaker attempts to make the sounds with the tongue in contact with the palate.
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Artificial Intelligence
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Association of Lisp Users: ALU - Well organized, over 100 pages of information on Lisp: references, books, tutorials, free and commercial implementations, free software, events, conferences, history, organizations, other resources.
CMPnet TechWeb TechEncyclopedia: Lisp - Great resource: over 11,000 definitions.
Meta Description: [ LISP - (LISt Processing) A high-level programming language used for developing AI applications. ]
CMU Artificial Intelligence Repository - Collection of files, programs, publications, of interest to Artificial Intelligence researchers, educators, students, practitioners.
Common Lisp.net - Provide the Common Lisp community with development resources and to work as a starting point for new programmers. CVS, mailinglists, web and FTP space are provided at no charge.
Meta Description: [ Version control, web page, rsync and other utilities for hosting Common Lisp projects. ]
Franz Inc. - Producers of Allegro CL and related products
Meta Description: [ Franz Inc is the Leader in Dynamic Object Oriented Programming. ]
Gordon S. Novak Jr. - Free software, information, links.
Hello, World Program - Lisp version of this canonical first program.
History of Lisp - Source code, design documents, references, other material on original Lisp I/1.5 system, and many follow-ons. Project of Computer History Museum's Software Collection Committee.
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HotDispatch OfficeFronts: Lisp - List of individuals and businesses offering Lisp services and programs.
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Jeff's Lisp Page - Related links about Lisp, papers, book reviews, programs, Net articles, from a variety of sources.
Lemonodor - Weblog featuring Lisp news, events, and commentary.
Lisp - Paul Graham Lisp essays (including Beating the Averages), history, FAQ, code, many links.
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Lisp Resources - Links to Lisp information and software.
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Lisp: Good News, Bad News, How to Win Big - Lisp has done well over the last 10 years: becoming nearly standardized, forming the basis of a commercial sector, reaching high performance, having good environments, able to deliver applications. Yet the Lisp community has failed to do as well as it could have.
Lisp: TunesWiki - Unique description, links. [Open Content]
On-line Publications by Erann Gat - Lisp papers: Lisp as an Alternative to Java; The Complete Idiot's Guide to Special Variables and Lexical Closures; The Complete Idiot's Guide to Common Lisp Packages; Locales: First-Class Lexical Environments for Common Lisp.
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P.S., Parenthetically Speaking - Set of articles on several aspects of Lisp and related issues.
PC AI: Lisp Programming Language - Page with brief description, very useful links with annotations for vendors, search engines, more: references (linked and non-linked) for articles, books.
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