Generally, functional refers to something able to fulfill its purpose or function.
APL :: Languages
Comparison and Review :: Languages
Dataflow :: Languages
Declarative :: Languages
Garbage Collected :: Languages
Logic based :: Languages
Multiparadigm :: Languages

Afnix Programming Language - A multi-threaded functional programming language with dynamic symbol bindings which provides a state of art runtime engine for 32- and 64-bit platform and a rich set of platform independent libraries, compatible with C++ runtime operations, automatic protection engine for shared objects. Successor of Aleph.
Aldor - Functional language in which types are first class values. Normal functions returning types reproduce the features of template classes of other languages. Links to many projects around the world based on Aldor.
Cayenne - A Haskell-like language with a powerful type system based on dependent types.
CDuce - An XML centric programming language with higher order, semantic subtyping, pattern matching and overloading, and open source implementation.
Charity - Functional, categorical language, by University of Calgary, Canada. Innovative organization: based on theory of strong categorical datatypes divided into 2 subclasses: inductive (built up by constructors in the familiar way), and coinductive (broken down by destructors).
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Eden - A functional language that aims at the programming of reactive systems and parallel algorithms on distributed memory systems.
FAQ for comp.lang.functional - Offers documentation as a frequently asked questions list. Also provides links to general topic, technical and other resources.
FISh - A novel functional language that claims to be faster than C in some cases.
Functional Programming - Claus Reinke's extensive, well organized bookmarks on FP.
Functional Programming - Clear growing definition, comparison, history, examples, defense. [Wikipedia]
Functional Programming in the Real World - Lists functional programs written primarily to perform to real-world tasks. Has pure programs (no side effects) and impure (some use of side effects). Languages: Caml, Clean, Erlang, Haskell, Miranda, Scheme, Standard ML.
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Functional Programming Languages in Education - A collection of information on the use of functional programming in teaching.
Hope - A small functional programming language, with polymorphic typing, algebraic types, pattern matching and higher-order functions.
ICFP 2002 - The 2002 International Conference on Functional Programming covers the entire spectrum of functional programming, from practice to theory, and from established functional programming languages (Scheme, ML, Haskell) to novel language designs and to the functional aspects of object-oriented or concurrent languages. October 4-6, 2002 Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Joy - Pure functional language based on function composition rather than application; concatenative language, very like Forth, inputs and outputs stacks, but with higher-level data types and sound mathematical foundation. [Open Source, BSD]
Meta Description: [ Joy is a programming language based on the composition
of functions. ]
Lemon - Functional language with inductive and coinductive types. Based on simply-typed lambda calculus augmented with sums, products, and mu and nu constructors for least (inductive) and greatest (coinductive) solutions to recursive type equations.
Mondrian - A simple functional scripting language for Internet applications.
NESL: A Parallel Programming Language - NESL is a parallel language with functional flavor developed at Carnegie Mellon by the SCandAL project.
OPAL Project - Researches programming environment where advanced language concepts and formal development methods are used to make production-quality software. Strongly typed, higher-order, strict, pure FL; so can be classed with ML, Haskell, and other modern FLs. But also has unique algebraic flavor in the tradition of languages such as CIP-L, and Obj.
Pizza - an extension of Java with functional features: parametric polymorphism, first-class (higher-order) functions, algebraic datatypes and pattern-matching.
Meta Description: [ Information about the School of Computer & Information Science, Adelaide
Australia - part of the Univeristy of South Australia ]
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Q Equational Programming Language - An extensible functional programming language based on the term rewriting calculus.
Readscheme.org - Resources for Functional Programming - A variety of research resources on functional programming languages, implementation, and applications of functional programming languages.
Meta Description: [ Online bibliography of Scheme research; XML and functional programming ]
Rita Loogen - Member of Eden team. Articles.
The Abyss of Functional Language - Set of links on FP.
The Unlambda Programming Language - A functional language designed for obscurity
Meta Description: [ Description of the Unlambda Programming Language ]
Tutorial Papers in Functional Programming - John Hughes' list of FP-related tutorials and courses.
Wadler: Monads - Information on monads and functional programming
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What the Hell are Monads? - Basic introduction to monads, monadic programming, and IO.
Why Functional Programming Matters - John Hughes paper, dates from 1984, circulated as a Chalmers memo.
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