Biology is the branch of science dealing with the study of life. It is concerned with the characteristics, classification, and behaviors of organisms, how species come into existence, and the interactions they have with each other and with the environment. Biology encompasses a broad spectrum of academic fields that are often viewed as independent disciplines. However, together they address phenomena related to living organisms (biological phenomena) over a wide range of scales, from biochemistry to ecology. All concepts in biology are subject to the same laws that other branches of science obey, such as the laws of thermodynamics and conservation of mass.
At the organism level, biology has explained phenomena such as birth, growth, aging, death and decay of living organisms, similarities between offspring and their parents (heredity) and flowering of plants which have puzzled humanity throughout history. Other phenomena, such as lactation, metamorphosis, egg-hatching, healing, and tropism have been addressed. On a wider scale of time and space, biologists have studied domestication of animals and plants, the wide variety of living organisms (biodiversity), changes in living organisms over time (evolution), extinction, speciation, social behaviour among animals, etc.
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Genometric Analysis Simulation Program (GASP) - Program to generate samples of family data based on user specified genetic models.
Haplo - Fortran 77 code by Daniel E. Weeks and Kenneth Lange for haplotyping with computation of conditional probabilities.
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LIPED - Fortran program by Jurg Ott to carry out genetic linkage analysis -- estimate the recombination fraction, by calculating pedigree likelihoods for various assumed values of the recombination fraction. Only two loci can be handled at a time, for example, a disease locus and a marker locus.
Naccess - Fortran program to calculate the accessible area of a molecule from a PDB (Protein Data Bank) format file. It can calculate the atomic and residue accessiblities for both proteins and nucleic acids. Free for academics.
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Vadar - Structural analysis of protein coordinate data.
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