Fortran (also FORTRAN) is a general-purposeSince FORTRAN 77, which introduced the CHARACTER data type., proceduralSince FORTRAN II (1958)., imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. Originally developed in the 1950s, Fortran was used extensively in scientific and engineering applications, and is still in use in many niches such as climate modeling and molecular dynamics modeling [http://www.fisica.uniud.it/~ercolessi/md/md/node61.html.
Fortran (an acronym derived from its original official name, The IBM Mathematical Formula Translating System) encompasses a lineage of versions, each of which evolved to add extensions to the language while retaining compatibility with previous versions. Successive versions have added support for processing of character-based data (FORTRAN 77), array programming (Fortran 90), module-based programming (Fortran 90), object-based programming (Fortran 90), and object-oriented and generic programming (Fortran 2003).
The names of earlier versions of the language through FORTRAN 77 were conventionally spelled in all-caps (FORTRAN 77 was the last version in which the use of lowercase letters in keywords was strictly nonstandard). The capitalization has been dropped in referring to newer versions beginning with Fortran 90. The official language standards now refer to the language as "Fortran."
More on [ Fortran ]

Fortran 77 for Engineers and Scientists with an Introduction to Fortran 90 - By Larry Nyhoff and Sanford Leestma (Prentice Hall). Site describes book and lists contents.
Schaum's Outline of Programming With Fortran 77 - By William Mayo (McGraw-Hill). Site describes book and lists contents.
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Structured Fortran 77 for Engineers and Scientists, 5th Edition - By Delores M. Etter (Wiley). Sites describes book and lists contents.