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A clipper was a very fast multiple-masted sailing ship of the 19th century. Generally narrow for their length, limiting in their bulk freight carrying capacities, and small by later 19th century standards, the clippers had a large relative sail area. "Clipper ships" were mostly products of British and American shipyards, though France, the Netherlands (the Dutch-built "Telanak", built in 1859 for the tea and passenger trade to Java) and other nations also produced a number of them. Clippers sailed all over the world, primarily on the trade routes between Britain and its colonies in the east, in the trans-Atlantic trade, and in the New York-to-San Francisco route round The Horn during the Gold Rush.
Origins
The often quoted derivation of the word, that the vessels "clipped" time off a voyage, is probably incorrect. However, the example of the other class of vessel built for speed, the cutter, reminds us that the cutting notion may have been seen as relevant. One of the meanings of clip, from the seventeenth century onward, possibly from the sound of wings, is to fly or move quickly. The term clipper was originally applied to a fast horse and most likely derives from the term clip, meaning speed, as in "going at a good clip". The term clipper seems to be much the same as flier. The Oxford English Dictionary gives its earliest English quotation as from 1830. Cutler reports that the first newspaper appearance was in 1835, but that by then the term was apparently familiar.
In the United States the term "clipper," described the Baltimore Clipper, a topsail schooner that was developed in Chesapeake Bay before the Revolution and was lightly armed in the War of 1812, sailing under Letters of Marque and Reprisal, when the type—exemplified by the Chasseur, launched at Fells Point, Maryland, 1814— became known for its incredible speed; a deep draft enabled the Baltimore clipper to sail close to the wind (Villiers 1973). Clippers, outrunning the British blockade of Baltimore, came to be recognized as ships built for speed rather than cargo space; while traditional merchant ships were accustomed to average speeds of under 5 knots (9 km/h), clippers aimed at 9 knots (17 km/h) or better. Sometimes these ships could reach 20 knots (37 km/h). Clippers were built for seasonal trades such as tea, where an early cargo was more valuable, or for passenger routes. The small, fast ships were ideally suited to low-volume, high-profit goods, such as spices, tea, people, and mail. The values could be spectacular. The "Challenger" returned from Shanghai with "the most valuable cargo of tea and silk ($2,000,000) ever to be laden in one bottom." The competition among the clippers was public and fierce, with their times recorded in the newspapers. The ships had low expected lifetimes and rarely outlasted two decades of use before they were broken up for salvage. Given their speed and maneuverability, clippers frequently mounted cannon or carronade and were often employed as pirate vessels, privateers, smuggling vessels, and in interdiction service.
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Aye whos tryna donate blood for some clipper tikets? we got some good games!
nicholasarenas (nick arenas) Tue, 22 Dec 2009 02:15:06 -0000
Aye whos tryna donate blood for some clipper tikets? we got some good games!
Andis clipper classes #hair in #Mineapolis, MN, Jan. 12 web site link for info on educator. http://ow.ly/MjDQ
clipperguy (Ivan Zoot) Tue, 22 Dec 2009 02:10:04 -0000
Andis clipper classes #hair in #Mineapolis, MN, Jan. 12 web site link for info on educator. http://ow.ly/MjDQ
Saw @petshopboys Great show:-) Took Clipper back into town along the Thames.
Petshopboysfan (Andrew Shaw) Tue, 22 Dec 2009 02:06:25 -0000
Saw @petshopboys Great show:-) Took Clipp
AD2 Toolkit for Clipper and Zachary Developers - provides a complete suite of tools for developing database programs with Clipper and Zachary, and includes the latest upgrade to Zachary.
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Clipper Programming Solutions - CA-Clipper and XBase++ programming solutions.
Meta Description: [ CA-Clipper/XBase++ programming language solutions ]
Clipper tool producers - Lists all known producers of CA-Clipper third party products, with address, phone, fax, email, web site.
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applications producers with phone, address, email, web, fax, and other
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Clipper versions information. - Version information for all CA and Nantucket Clipper versions.
Meta Description: [ List of older versions of Computer Associates (CA) software, including materials, features, and licensing. ]
Computer Associates: Clipper forum at Tek-Tips - Clipper technical support forums and mutual help system for computer professionals.
Extended Systems: Client Server Software - Advantage Database Server brings the benefits of client/server technology to new and existing PC database applications.
Extrasensory Software - Tools for Clipper programmers including Telepathy, Faxual II, Mr. Edit, PS Error, Faxual.lib and BroPlus.
Meta Description: [ Extrasensory Software provides tools for Clipper programmers including Telepathy, Faxual II, Mr. Edit, PS Error, Faxual.lib and BroPlus along with Music Scheduling software for radio stations. ]
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Free Clipper programming tools - Quik TBrowse Pro, CodeSmith and LabelSmith.
HALLoGRAM - Programmer's resource for 3rd-party add-ons. Tools are available for most programming and database languages, including Access, dBASE, Visual Basic, Delphi, FoxPro, Paradox, C/C++, Oracle, Clipper, and Visual Objects.
Meta Description: [ HALLoGRAM is the Programmer's Resource for 3rd-party Add-Ons. Tools are available for most programming and database languages, including Access, dBASE, Visual Basic, Delphi, FoxPro, Paradox, C/C++, Oracle, Clipper, Visual Objects, and more. ]
Hello, World program - Clipper
Hello, World program - CA - Visual Objects
Manos Greek Clipper Page - CLIPPER free software, emulators, links. Also Aegina Island page and picture gallery.
Meta Description: [ Manos CLIPPER-AEGINA Page ]
Omicron Software Publishing Corp. - Home Of FiveWin and ClipWeb for Clipper Xbase++.
Selective Software - Home of ClipWeb. Clipper and Xbase programming tools and consulting by John H. Stolte, Sr.
Meta Description: [ Home of The ClipWeb CGI Internet Library for CA-Clipper and Xbase++, Programming and Consulting for Clipper FiveWin, Xbase++, ASP, Delphi, CGI, Internet, Web Site Development, CGI Database Apps, eCommerce, Web Hosting. Online Stores ]
SQLExpress for Xbase++ - Links, downloads and articles for Xbase++ and Clipper developers. Also the homepage of SQLExpress; an object-oriented library for Xbase++ that provides easy connectivity to SQL and ODBC data sources.
Meta Description: [ SQLExpress for Xbase++ is an object-oriented library that provides easy connectivity to SQL and ODBC data sources for Xbase++ programs. The SQLExpress.net site also features links, downloads and articles for Xbase++ and Clipper developers. ]
SuccessWare Index Driver for CA-Clipper - A fully compatible with Apollo for Windows Replaceable Database Driver. It introduced FoxPro tables, memos, and indexes to the world of CA-Clipper 5.0 developers. By Vista Software.
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Systems Modelling Ltd. - Clipper legacy systems support, maintenance, upgrading. In Ireland
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provides quality training and consulting in Clipper software development,
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The CA-Visual Objects Knowledge Base - Provides VO related information, news, links and help.
The Oasis Clipper Source - A Clipper Programmers Source Code Archive.
Meta Description: [ The Oasis is a Clipper Programmers Source Code Archive ]
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The Xbase Files - An e-publication and discussion board dedicated to the broad spectrum of Xbase tools and services.
VGATEXT Tools for Clipper - lets you add special effects in TEXT mode to any clipper application.
Meta Description: [ Clipper Tools, Easily add never seen TEXT mode effects ]
Xb2.NET - An object-oriented Internet library for Xbase++. Includes classes for TCP/IP socket communications, HTTP, SOAP, SMTP, POP3, FTP. [Commercial]
Meta Description: [ Xb2.NET object-oriented Internet Library for Xbase++. Supports TCP/IP, HTTP, SOAP, XML, Telnet, URL plus other standards ]
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