A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of a machine (often a computer). Like human languages, programming languages have syntactic and semantic rules used to define meaning. Programming languages are used to facilitate communication about the task of organizing and manipulating information, and to express algorithms precisely. Some authors restrict the term "programming language" to those languages that can express all possible algorithms;In mathematical terms, this means the programming language is Turing-complete sometimes the term "computer language" is used for more limited artificial languages.
Thousands of different programming languagesAs of May 2006 The Encyclopedia of Computer Languages by Murdoch University, Australia lists 8512 computer languages. have been created and new ones are created every year. Few languages ever become sufficiently popular that they are used by more than a few people, but professional programmers may use dozens of different languages during their careers.

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BERT 77 - A parallelizing compiler for Fortran 77. Software download, reference manual, and mailing list.
Charm++ - An object-oriented portable parallel language built on top of C++. Source code, binaries, manuals, and publications.
Meta Description: [ Charm++ parallel programming language and runtime system ]
CuPit 2 - Designed to express neural network learning algorithms. Compiler, documentation, and examples available. Language reference and tutorial.
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HPC++ - A library and set of tools to support a standard model for parallel C++ computing.
Meta Description: [ Indiana University: Computer Science Department ]
Jade - Jade is a parallel extension to C that allows transparent access to shared memory. Papers, manual, and source code.
JavaParty - A minimal extension to Java easing distributed parallel programming of cluster computers. A source code transformation automatically generates a distributed pure Java program based on RMI or KaRMI.
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Kyle's ZPL/Mercury Research and Examples - Porting ZPL to the Mercury Race computer. Example of the ZPL extern operator to display images. Part of CaPS (Compilers and Parallel Systems), the Systems Lab, and SBS on WJUL.
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Maisie Programming Language - Maisie is a C-based simulation language that can be used for sequential and parallel execution of discrete-event simulation models. Papers, source code, and sample models.
Meta Description: [ Maisie is a C-based simulation language that can be used for
sequential and parallel execution of discrete-event simulation models. ]
Mentat - Object-oriented parallel language based on C++. Documentation, source code and binaries, and sample programs.
mpC - Parallel extension to C designed for applications development for heterogeous networks. Source code and documentation.
Meta Description: [ Parallel programming language and its programming environment for computing on heterogeneous computer networks. ]
NESL - A functional parallel language. Tutorial, source code, algorithm library, animations, and reference manual.
PARLANSE - A parallel programming language supporting symbolic computation on SMP workstations.
Meta Description: [ PARLANSE A parallel programming language for SMP Windows/NT ]
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Parsec - A C-based simulation language for sequential and parallel execution of discrete-event simulation models. Online technical support, manuals, and source code.
Meta Description: [ PARSEC: A C-based simulation language for sequential and parallel
execution of discrete-event simulation models, developed by the UCLA Parallel Computing Laboratory.
On-line technical support, manuals. Download Parsec for free. ]
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The Cilk Project - A language for multithreaded parallel programming based on ANSI C. Source code, manual, papers, and research into parallel chess programs.
The SR Programming Language - Synchronizing Resources is a language for writing concurrent programs. Source code, mailing list archive, and documentation.
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Yale Linda Group - Current research into Linda extensions, papers, and documentation.
Z++ - An extension of C++ to platform-free distributed computing. It enhances C++ with invariants, threading, database, GUI and conponent-oriented design. Z++ virtual processor supports the entire language on many platforms.
Meta Description: [ Z++ is platform-free superset of C++ with object-oriented threading and direct support for component-based and multi-tiered architecture. ]
ZPL - An array programming language. Sample code, papers, recipes, reference manual, and source code.
Meta Description: [ ZPL is a parallel array
programming language suitable for most computations that
would previously have been written in Fortran 77 and MPI. ]
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