In general terms, documentation is any communicable material (such as text, video, audio, etc., or combinations thereof) used to explain some attributes of an object, system or procedure. It is often used to mean engineering or software documentation, which is usually paper books or computer readable files (such as HTML pages) that describe the structure and components, or on the other hand, operation, of a system/product.
A professional whose field and work is more or less exclusively to write documentation is called a documenter. Normally, documenters are trained or have a background in technical writing, along with some knowledge of the subject(s) they are documenting. Often, though, some part or all of the documentation process is done by the engineers responsible for the system/product to be documented.
By engineers, perhaps among software engineers in particular, documentation is often referred to as the "boring side" of engineering, or considered a necessary evil. This is largely unavoidable since most engineers prefer building things to documenting them, and being implicit experts in what they have built, they may have little motivation in documenting their creations so that others may understand them.
More on [ Documentation ]

Designing and Building Parallel Programs - An online book about parallel computers, algorithms, program design, and parallel libraries. Collection of software tools and links to other resources.
Distributed Shared Memory - Extensive bibliography of research papers.
Meta Description: [ A Comprehensive Bibliography of Distributed Shared Memory ]
Effective Parallel Computing Tutorial - Description of a tutorial about converting serial programs to parallel programs.
Meta Description: [ Parallel computing tutorial, training in
the concepts and practice of parallel programming and supercomputing.
Taught at corporations, government agencies, conferences etc. ]
404
EPIC - Interactive online courses in MPI, High Performance Fortran, and parallel algorithms.
500
Lydian - A simulation and visualization environment for distributed algorithms.
Meta Description: [ An
Extensible Educational AnimationEnvironment for Learning Distributed Algorithm ]
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