Google Inc. ( and ) is a U.S. public corporation, first incorporated as a privately held corporation in September, 1998, that designs and manages a popular Internet search engine. The company employs approximately 6,800 employees and is based in Mountain View, California. Eric Schmidt, former chief executive officer of Novell, was named Google's CEO when co-founder Larry Page stepped down.

The name "Google" originated from a misspelling of "googol,"Koller, David. "Origin of the name, "Google." Stanford University. January, 2004.Hanley, Rachael. "From Googol to Google: Co-founder returns." The Stanford Daily. February 12, 2003. Retrieved on July 14, 2006. which refers to 10¹⁰⁰ (a 1 followed by one-hundred zeros). Google has since become well known for its corporate culture and innovative, clean products, and has a major impact on online culture, and was recently added to both the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary in July, 2006, as a verb meaning, "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet."Harris, Scott D. "Dictionary adds verb: to google." San Jose Mercury News. July 7, 2006. Retrieved on July 7, 2006.Bylund, Anders. "To Google or Not to Google." The Motley Fool via MSNBC. July 5, 2006. Retrieved on July 7, 2006. With the increase of business in China, Google announced the Chinese name for its controversial self-censored site [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google#Controversies 谷歌 (pinyin: gǔ gē), which literally means "Song of the Valley" with 谷 (gǔ) standing for 'Valley' and 歌 (gē) for 'Song' on April 12, 2006.

Google's services are run on several server farms, each consisting of thousands of low-cost commodity computers running stripped-down versions of Linux. While the company does not provide detailed information about its hardware, a 2006 estimate consisted of over 450,000 servers, racked up in clusters located in data centers around the world (See Google platform for more details on their technology).Carr, David F. "How Google Works." Baseline Magazine. July 6, 2006. Retrieved on July 10, 2006. According to the Nielsen cabinet, Google is the first search engine on the web with a 54% market share, ahead of Yahoo! (23%) and MSN (13%). It registers about a billion requests per day, which it records with no time-limit "to improve its search engines."

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Googling Google

Google ignores some reported security problems?
Garett Rogers Sun, 12 Oct 2008 03:50:12 -0000
Aviv Raff posted a public disclosure of a minor security risk that could be a major problem if used in conjunction with another type of problem. It’s true that his discovery isn’t really one that (by itself) should keep you up at night, but it’s one that I’m surprised Google’s security team hasn’t squashed [...]
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Will you forget about Android?
Garett Rogers Fri, 10 Oct 2008 14:30:34 -0000
Chris O’Brien from the Silicon Valley Mercury News has an interesting article on why he thinks we will soon forget about Android. When you look at Android up against iPhone, you have to agree that it’s going to be a an uphill battle. But if anyone can do it, it would be Google [...]
Google PPOB? What is it?
Garett Rogers Thu, 09 Oct 2008 15:17:12 -0000
When you are looking for things that Google is about to do, the best place to keep your eye on is Google’s robots.txt file — a document they keep updated with a list of websites they don’t want search engines to index. A week ago, they added “/search2001″ which turned out to be exactly [...]
Google tries to stop you from sending mail you will regret
Garett Rogers Wed, 08 Oct 2008 15:38:19 -0000
It appears that Google has added a new feature to Gmail Labs that tries to make sure you are in the right state of mind before sending messages — particularly helpful when you have maybe had a few too many drinks, and are about to send an email that would obviously be embarrassing if you [...]
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Google launches new Spreadsheets interface
Garett Rogers Mon, 06 Oct 2008 14:12:10 -0000
Google has just rolled out a new version of Google Spreadsheets — the last one of all three products in the Google Docs suite. I have to say, this new version works great for me — it has the familiar menus at the top, a bunch of new toys, and of course, now it [...]
Google releases Chrome 0.3.154
Garett Rogers Sat, 04 Oct 2008 01:40:43 -0000
If you are interested in living on the bleeding edge, and always using Google’s latest and greatest browser version (the “even more beta” one), you can turn on what is called the “Dev Channel”. To use the Dev Channel, download the switcher from here. Run the application that you find here, then choose the “dev” [...]
Google Blog Search re-launches, now it’s useful
Garett Rogers Thu, 02 Oct 2008 01:38:08 -0000
Google relaunched their service called “Google Blog Search” today, and I have to say, it’s pretty hot. The service puts itself almost in direct competition with the popular Techmeme service — with the exception that Google does it for everything, not just Tech news. According to Google, they have adapted some of the same technology [...]

The Official Google Blog

Stories by Googlers
A Googler Fri, 10 Oct 2008 22:36:00 -0000
I recently had the chance to interview several long-time Googlers about the early days. To commemorate our 10th birthday, we've been revisiting our memories by digging into company lore. As fun as it has been to look back, of course we've also got our sights firmly set on what lies ahead.Vint Cerf has some predictions about the interplanetary Internet, while Kai-Fu Lee talks about the growing ubiquity of cloud computing. Also featured are stories from early Googlers, like Craig Silverstein's memories of a certain famous garage, and Marissa Mayer's reflections on the spirit that has carried over from our formative years.So take a few minutes to watch this blended tale of startup quirkiness and big dreams. And if you like, feel free to comment on YouTube. Posted by Joscelin Cooper, Google Blog Team
Getting around your neighborhood with Google Maps
Karen Wed, 08 Oct 2008 15:02:00 -0000
When I moved to the Bay Area last year, everything was new to me. I didn't know Los Altos from Los Gatos, good eateries in my neighborhood, or how to get to where I wanted to go. Whether you're moving to a new area, traveling to a new place, or simply exploring a new part of town, this may sound familiar to a lot of people.There's a simple solution: turn to Google Maps to find local information. We've gathered a lot of useful info about local businesses so you can find everything you need in one place. You can find neighborhoods and see if they're close to downtown, parks or other places of interest. If you're moving into a new home, you can look for nearby supermarkets, hardware stores, restaurants and other places that will help you settle in. Almost every business listing includes the phone number, website, store hours, price and more. Most also have user reviews and photos.And it turns out I wasn't the only one who turned to Google Maps to learn more about my town. Watch this video to see how Google Maps helped Ryan, a fellow newcomer to the Bay Area:Even if you know your hometown like the back of your hand, odds are you'll want to go somewhere new at some point. Not only can you find out the address of a specific location and get directions to it before even heading out the door, but you can virtually explore the neighborhood with Street View (available in many cities in the U.S., Japan, and Australia), or check out live traffic conditions. You can also use the "Send" feature of Google Maps to text the address to your phone or email directions to friends.Watch this video to see all the things you can do:And don't forget, with Google Maps for mobile, you can access all of this great information on the go.Posted by Cathy Tang, Google Maps and Earth
The Presidential debate: Expanding the town hall
Karen Wed, 08 Oct 2008 09:18:00 -0000
As we promised, here's an update on the search patterns we observed during last night's presidential debate. While a few lucky citizens were able to ask the candidates questions directly, millions of others used Google to find their answers.Similar to last Thursday, people sought to understand the meaning of several words mentioned in the debate: morass, commodity, junket, cynicism, and cronyism to name a few. In the chart below you can see four of the most popular queries during the debate. People were quite interested in both Meg Whitman and Warren Buffett, who were mentioned as potential candidates for the Secretary of Treasury, but the biggest rising query was Senator McCain's paraphrasing of Theodore Roosevelt's motto. Both candidates spoke against genocide while discussing the role of the United States as a peacekeeper, and as we saw in the vice presidential debate, nuclear energy and weapons were prominent topics.Queries occurred as the candidates talked, but the query volume dropped after 90-minute debate ended. Here's an additional view on queries for each of the candidates, charting queries from swing states (which had no more than a 5% gap between votes for George Bush and John Kerry in the 2004 election) and non-swing states. Swing states generated proportionally more queries for the candidates than non-swing states. Both candidates peaked at the end of the debate, with McCain showing a larger spike while Obama has a larger overall volume. Queries for the presidential candidates form a higher fraction of all queries in swing states.We also were curious how queries for Senator Biden and Governor Palin during their debate compared to queries for Senators McCain and Obama last night. As you see here, searches on the candidates during the VP debate came out on top:Queries containing "Biden" and "Palin" had higher peaks during last week's debatethan did "McCain" and "Obama" queries last night.Using Google Hot Trends you can see some of the more interesting things people were researching during this debate. Visit Google Election Trends to learn about longer-term election-related Google search queries, and read our previous post for the earlier VP debate queries.Posted by Jeffrey D. Oldham, Software Engineer, and Fred Leach, Customer Labs Analyst
I clicked to buy and I liked it
Karen Tue, 07 Oct 2008 21:35:00 -0000
When you view a YouTube video with a great soundtrack, you often see comments from YouTube users asking about the name of the song and where they can download it. Or when users watch the trailer for an upcoming video game, they want to know when it will be released and where they can buy it. Today, we're taking our first steps to providing YouTube users with this kind of instant gratification, by adding "click-to-buy" links to the watch pages of thousands of YouTube partner videos. Click-to-buy links are non-obtrusive retail links, placed on the watch page beneath the video with the other community features. Just as YouTube users can share, favorite, comment on, and respond to videos quickly and easily, now users can click-to-buy products -- like songs and video games -- related to the content they're watching on the site. We're getting started by embedding iTunes and Amazon.com links on videos from companies like EMI Music, and providing Amazon.com product links to the newly-released video game Spore(TM) on videos from Electronic Arts. This is just the beginning of building a broad, viable e-commerce platform for users and partners on YouTube. Our vision is to help partners across all industries -- from music, to film, to print, to TV -- offer useful and relevant products to a large, yet targeted audience, and generate additional revenue from their content on YouTube beyond the advertising we serve against their videos. And those partners who use our content identification and management system can also enable these links on user-generated content, by using Content ID to claim videos and choose to leave them up on the site. These retail links are being gradually added to our library of music videos and are currently only available to users in the United States, but our goal is to slowly but surely expand the program to additional content and product partners, as well as our international users. We'll be experimenting with the UI over time to make sure this works for our community, and we'll continue to innovate based on your feedback. We're just getting started, so stay tuned for other innovative new features and product options soon. YouTube partners interested in this program should contact their partner manager. Posted by Glenn Brown, YouTube Strategic Partner Development Manager, and Thai Tran, YouTube Product Manager
Knol debates: See both sides, get involved
Karen Tue, 07 Oct 2008 17:04:00 -0000
As the election season builds to a climax, the candidates have been engaging in a number of debates. With all the excitement, we wanted to get involved, so we've started our own set of debates on our new tool Knol. The debates on Knol are meant to offer a variety of in-depth opinions from experts so you can really understand all sides of an issue. Our first debate focuses on the economy. Economists from the Cato Institute and the Economic Policy Institute (EPI) have offered opening arguments on what should come next now that the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act is law. Take a look to see what they think -- but don't stop there. As with most articles in Knol, these are open to collaboration, so you can rate what you read, submit comments, write full responses (i.e. reviews),  or even suggest edits to the author by making changes right in the knol itself. These experts are using Knol because they want to collaborate with readers, and they are committed to updating the articles based on your input. In addition, there's a forum where you can suggest additional topics that you'd like to see debated in our new tool Google Moderator.  As we prepare for the election, experts from leading think-tanks including Cato, EPI, the Heritage Foundation, and the Center for American Progress Action Fund will conduct similar debates on the issues you find the most important. We hope these knols help inform your decision on election day, and we encourage you to voice your opinion. Posted by Matt Ghering, Product Marketing Manager
New Technology Roundtable series
Karen Mon, 06 Oct 2008 21:44:00 -0000
We've just posted the first three videos in the Google Technology Roundtable Series. Each one is a discussion with senior Google researchers and technologists about one of our most significant achievements. We use a talk show format, where I lead a discussion on the technology.While the videos are intended for a reasonably technical audience, I think they may be interesting to many as an overview of the key challenges and ideas underlying Google's systems. And of course they offer a glimpse into the people behind Google.The first one we made is "Large-Scale Search System Infrastructure and Search Quality." I interview Google Fellows Jeff Dean and Amit Singhal on their insights in how search works at Google.The next title is "Map Reduce," a discussion of this key technology (first, at Google, and now having a great impact across the field) for harnessing parallelism provided by very large-scale clusters computers, while mitigating the component failures that inevitably occur in such big systems. My discussion is with four of our Map Reduce expert engineers: Sanjay Ghemawat and Jeff Dean again, plus Software Engineers Jerry Zhao and Matt Austern who discuss the origin, evolution and future of Map Reduce. By the way, this type of infrastructure underlies the infrastructure concepts in our recent post on "The Intelligent Cloud."The third video, "Applications of Human Language Technology," is a discussion of our enormous progress in large-scale automated translation of languages and speech recognition. Both of these technology domains are coming of age with capabilities that will truly impact what we expect of computers on a day-to-day basis. I discuss these technologies with human language technology experts Franz Josef Och, an expert in the automated translation of languages, and Mike Cohen, an expert in speech processing.We hope to produce more of these, so please leave feedback at YouTube (in the comments field for each video), and we will incorporate your ideas into our future efforts.[Cross-posted on the Google Research Blog.]Posted by Alfred Spector, VP of Research and Special Initiatives
The VP debate: Candidates, questions, and queries
Karen Mon, 06 Oct 2008 13:34:00 -0000
If information is the currency of democracy, as Thomas Jefferson allegedly said, then during last Thursday's vice-presidential debate between Senator Biden and Governor Palin a lot of people used Google Search to get a bit wealthier, metaphorically speaking. Using Google Hot Trends, we can see some of the more interesting things that people were researching, and you can do the same to follow along yourself during tomorrow night's second presidential debate (9 PM ET). But first, here's what people were curious about during the VP match.Many people were simply interested in understanding the meaning of particular terms. Governor Palin called Senator McCain a "maverick" several times, sending many viewers to Google to query definition of maverick, what is a maverick, and define:maverick.As the debaters spoke, voters queried for more information.When Biden mentioned that the "theocracy controls the security apparatus" in Iran, users searched for the meaning of theocracy — as they did when he spoke of the windfall profits tax.Getting these definitions got a bit tougher when the candidates couldn't even agree on pronunciation. Discussion about a certain type of energy caused a flurry of queries: nucular vs nuclear, nuclear pronunciation, palin nucular, and even nukular. And when Senator Biden talked about the "7,000 madrasses built along [the Pakistani-Afghan] border", the queries ranged from madrass, madrases, madrasa, and even madras, a major city in India that's most definitely not on the Pakistani-Afghan border.Governor Palin's claim that "Israel is in jeopardy of course when we're dealing with Ahmadinejad as a leader of Iran" led viewers to try to learn more about this leader even if they could not spell his name. They searched for [Achmadinijad], [Akmadinijad], [Akmadinajad], and the correct Ahmadinejad. Some did not even try, instead looking for [president Iran] and [Iran leader]. The Governor also referred to General McKiernan, the U.S. military leader in Afghanistan, as "McClellan", sending viewers in search of McClellan, general in Afghanistan, General McClellan Afghanistan, and general Afghanistan surge. Some searchers eventually did find the correct general, but not that many.Historical references abounded. When Senator Biden claimed "This is the most important election you will ever, ever have voted in, any of you, since 1932", some people wanted to know what it was about the 1932 presidential campaign between Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt that was so special. And twice as many them wanted to know about that "shining city on a hill", a phrase from Ronald Reagan's farewell address that was originally coined in 1630 by John Winthrop.When Senator Biden offered a civics lesson ("Article I of the Constitution defines the role of the vice president of the United States, that's the Executive Branch") many people checked, and learned that Article I of the Constitution describes the legislative branch of the U.S. government. The executive branch is described in Article II. Others just searched directly for the role of vice president and vice president duties.People searched on clean coal and took a look at Senator Biden's position (as the candidate asked them to) with queries like Biden clean coal.These are some of the more interesting queries, but which were the most popular ones? Among the candidates, Senator Biden was a big winner. Searches on him soared more than 70-fold, compared to a week earlier. Governor Palin, much more of a search favorite in the weeks leading up to the debate, only saw a 6x jump, but her volume outpaced Senator Biden's.Searches for the VP candidates peaked near the debate's end.Beyond names, two search terms which triggered the most searches were [nuclear] (a 130x spike compared to a week earlier) and [maverick] (70x). [Register to vote] was also quite popular; we even have a special site for that.The Commission on Presidential Debates, which hosts the debates, has stated its objective as providing "the best possible information to viewers and listeners". From Google's perspective — the little search box on viewers' and listeners' computers and mobile phones — the vice presidential debate did a pretty darn good job.We'll give you an update on tomorrow night's debate later this week. In the meantime, keep an eye on the most recent queries yourself on Google Hot Trends; they change frequently and will start to reflect the debate's talking points soon after it finishes.Posted by Jeffrey D. Oldham, Software Engineer; Fred Leach, Customer Labs Analyst; and Betsy Masiello, Economics Analyst
Amazon conservation in San Francisco
Karen Sat, 04 Oct 2008 13:47:00 -0000
For most of us, today is another Saturday. For a chief of the Surui tribe in the Brazilian Amazon, it's a unique day, because San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom has issued a proclamation declaring October 4th as "Chief Almir Surui Day."Chief Almir and the Amazon Conservation Team will be in the Bay Area to attend the world premiere of a documentary film by Denise Zmekhol called Children of the Amazon. They'll also participate in a unique panel tomorrow, October 5th.In June, a team of Googlers went to the Amazon to train indigenous people including Chief Almir's Surui tribe on how to use Google Earth, You Tube and other Internet tools to show the world what's at stake with deforestation in the Amazon. The tribes are using this knowledge to preserve their history, culture, and develop a long-term sustainability plan to protect their rainforest and create economic opportunity.Filmmaker Zmekhol joined us on the trip and filmed dozens of hours of footage. Out of this footage has come a story about cloud computing from under a lush canopy of Amazon rainforest, where a group of emerging technologists are eager to share their story about their culture and their plan to preserve their forest and their way of life. (Learn more about our trip here.)Posted by Tanya Keen, Google Earth Outreach
Browse what the world is saying on Blog Search
Karen Wed, 01 Oct 2008 22:41:00 -0000
Did you know that millions of bloggers around the world write new posts each week? If you're like me, you probably read only a tiny fraction of these in Google Reader. What's everybody else writing about? Our Blog Search team thought this was an interesting enough question to look into. What we found was a massive mix: entertaining items about celebrities, personal perspectives on political figures, cutting-edge (and sometimes unverified) news stories, and a range of niche topics often ignored by the mainstream media.Today, we're pleased to launch a new homepage for Google Blog Search so that you too can browse and discover the most interesting stories in the blogosphere. Adapting some of the technology pioneered by Google News, we're now showing categories on the left side of the website and organizing the blog posts within those categories into clusters, which are groupings of posts about the same story or event. Grouping them in clusters lets you see the best posts on a story or get a variety of perspectives. When you look within a cluster, you'll find a collection of the most interesting and recent posts on the topic, along with a timeline graph that shows you how the story is gaining momentum in the blogosphere.In this example, the green "64 blogs" link takes you inside the cluster and shows you all the blog posts for a story.We've had a great time building the new homepage and we hope you enjoy using it. Please give it a try and let us know if you have comments or suggestions. We're launching in English only today, but plan to add new features and support for more languages in the coming months, so stay tuned.Posted by Michael Cohen, Product Manager

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