International Business Machines Corporation (IBM, or (colloquially) Big Blue; ) is an American computer technology corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York. The company is one of the few information technology companies with a continuous history dating back to the 19th century; it was founded in 1888 and incorporated (as Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R)) on June 15 1911. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware, software, infrastructure services, hosting services, and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. With almost 330,000 employees worldwide and revenues of States dollar|$" target="_blank" >*91 billion annually (figures from 2005), IBM is the largest information technology company in the world, and holds more patents than any other technology company.
In recent years, services and consulting revenues have been larger than those from manufacturing. Significantly, IBM has also been steadily increasing its workforce in developing countries (notably, in IBM India) and retrenching in the US and Europe . Samuel J. Palmisano was elected CEO on January 29 2002 after having led IBM's Global Services, and helping it to become a business with $100 billion in backlog in 2004. Palmisano replaced Louis V. Gerstner, who had held the job from 1993 to 2002, taking over from John Akers, who left during a period of financial difficulty for the company.
IBM has engineers and consultants in over 170 countries and IBM Research has eight laboratories, all located in the Northern Hemisphere, with five of those locations outside of the United States. IBM employees have earned five Nobel Prizes, four Turing Awards, five National Medals of Technology, and five National Medals of Science.
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IBM Archives - IBM's own history site, with pages on many of their significant systems (see especially the Exhibits and Documents sections).
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All about the IBM 1130 Computing System - The IBM 1130 Computing System, introduced in 1965, was IBM's most personal system to date. This site celebrates and documents that system.
Computing at Columbia Timeline - Summary of Columbia University's dense, more than 50-year-long history of academic use of IBM systems. Includes links to descriptions of most of the systems they have used.
IBM 1620 - Homage to the venerable IBM 1620 computer.
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IBM 360/370/3090/390 - A condensed history of IBM mainframes and their operating systems from System/360 through System/390.
IBM Advanced Computing Systems - A description of the first superscalar computer system - the IBM ACS project in the 1960s.
IBM Stretch - A brief description of the hardware parallelism of the IBM Stretch computer (also known as the IBM 7030).
Lawrence Wilkinson's IBM 360/30 Saga. - Description of the resurrection of an abandoned IBM system 360 model 30 mainframe computer, stored in a warehouse, into a working machine, by a group of enthusiasts.
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