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Computer software (or simply software) is the programs and procedures that enable a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware). This includes application software such as a word processor, which enables a user to perform a task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables other software to run properly, by interfacing with hardware and with other software.
The term "software" was first used in this sense by John W. Tukey in 1957. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. The concept of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a device to control computations was invented by Charles Babbage as part of his difference engine. The theory that is the basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Hally, Mike (2005:79). Electronic brains/Stories from the dawn of the computer age. British Broadcasting Corporation and Granta Books, London. ISBN 1-86-207663-4.
Relationship to hardware
Computer software is so called in contrast to computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. In computers, software is loaded into RAM and executed in the central processing unit. At the lowest level, software consists of a machine language specific to an individual processor. A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions (object code), which change the state of the computer from its preceding state. Software is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. It is generally written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language. High-level languages are compiled or interpreted into machine language object code. Software may also be written in an assembly language, essentially, a mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language must be assembled into object code via an assembler. More on [ Computer software ]
Mac OS :: Operating Systems
A UX :: Unix
Obama Uses Text Messaging With Eye On Nov. 4
Thu, 28 Aug 2008 16:22:00 -0400
The Obama campaign has used text messaging to communicate with its supporters. Andrew Rasiej, founder of TechPresident, a blog that focuses on technology and the presidential campaigns, says the cell phone numbers can be used to get out the vote on Nov. 4.
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Thu, 28 Aug 2008 13:00:00 -0400
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Mon, 25 Aug 2008 10:04:00 -0400
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Obama's Text Message Experiment
Sat, 23 Aug 2008 16:00:00 -0400
The Obama camp promised to deliver news of the Democratic candidate's vice presidential choice by text message and e-mail. It didn't quite go according to plan. We examine what went wrong and right during this new media experiment.
Hollywood and Technology
Fri, 22 Aug 2008 13:05:00 -0400
We look at how Hollywood became a driving force in the invention of new technologies — from Technicolor to the rise of digital special effects — and how new ideas and technologies, such as the Internet, are still shaping the movie industry today.
Chemistry News Roundup
Fri, 22 Aug 2008 13:02:00 -0400
We bring you a roundup of research being presented at this week's American Chemical Society meeting in Philadelphia.
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TECSoft Developers Consortium - Consortium of AppleScript developers. List of skills and contact information.
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| given at Plone Conference 2006 by Eben Moglen of the Software Freedom Law Center ... open-source free-software software ... | |
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