Gourt > Computers > Artificial Life > Software
Computer software (or simply software) is the programs and procedures that enable a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware). This includes application software such as a word processor, which enables a user to perform a task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables other software to run properly, by interfacing with hardware and with other software.
The term "software" was first used in this sense by John W. Tukey in 1957. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. The concept of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a device to control computations was invented by Charles Babbage as part of his difference engine. The theory that is the basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Hally, Mike (2005:79). Electronic brains/Stories from the dawn of the computer age. British Broadcasting Corporation and Granta Books, London. ISBN 1-86-207663-4.
Relationship to hardware
Computer software is so called in contrast to computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. In computers, software is loaded into RAM and executed in the central processing unit. At the lowest level, software consists of a machine language specific to an individual processor. A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions (object code), which change the state of the computer from its preceding state. Software is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. It is generally written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language. High-level languages are compiled or interpreted into machine language object code. Software may also be written in an assembly language, essentially, a mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language must be assembled into object code via an assembler. More on [ Computer software ]
Having a laugh with free software peeps.
catashton (catashton) Wed, 04 Nov 2009 12:18:13 -0000
Having a laugh with free software peeps.
Plimus Order1. net -I- Software | TweetFeed.com http://bit.ly/H0fOp
glossarist (Igor) Wed, 04 Nov 2009 12:18:09 -0000
Plimus Order1. net -I- Software | TweetFeed.com http://bit.ly/H0fOp
they dont realize they might be funding terrorists. RT @ashish_gbpuat:this is shameful & ridiculous http://3.ly/uXL #software #piracy #india
tanamania (Tanay) Wed, 04 Nov 2009 12:17:34 -0000
they dont realize they might be funding terrorists. RT @ashish_gbpuat:this is shameful & ridiculous http://3.ly/uXL #software #piracy #india
#Parallels #Microsoft_Windows on 1 Fav Source+2 others like Venturebeat-Parallels launches latest software to b.. http://bit.ly/1tU4B4
ericBuzzBox (Eric BuzzBox) Wed, 04 Nov 2009 12:17:30 -0000
#Parallels #Microsoft_Windows on 1 Fav Source+2 others like Venturebeat-Parallels launches latest software to b.. http://bit.ly/1tU4B4
Comenzamos con la segunda parte del seminario> análisis de redes con el software #Pajek
srosillo (Sergio Rosillo ) Wed, 04 Nov 2009 12:17:21 -0000
Comenzamos con la segunda parte del seminario> análisis de redes con el software #Pajek
Inside Sales Director-Software Sales - A Reputable Company - Ãngeles, A Coruña: The Organization is looking for.. http://bit.ly/1tzW10
galiciaemprego (Galicia Emprego) Wed, 04 Nov 2009 12:17:15 -0000
Inside Sales Director-Software Sales - A Reputable Company - Ángeles, A Coruña: The Organization is looking for.. http://bit.ly/1tzW10
Applets for Neural Network and Artificial Life - A list of programs using alife type techniques (English/Japanese).
500
Archis Evolutionary System Simulator - An artificial life simulator project that can also function as a genetic programming system. Written in Java with a graphical interface.
Artificial Life by Jpr - Introduction to artificial life. Each chapter is illustrated by a program or an applet. Chapters are available in PDF.
Meta Description: [ Introduction aux principaux chapitres de la vie artificielle ilustrée par une application ou applet. Les textes sont disponibles en PDF. Introduction to artificial life (alife) main topics. Each chapter is illustrated by an applet or a program. Texts are available in PDF ]
Artificial Life on the Web - A web-oriented artificial-life site: Alife, genetic-algorithm and cellular-automata experiments written in cross-platform web languages (Java, tcl/tk), with free source code.
Meta Description: [ Artificial life Alife Genetic algorithms Photo Manipulation and Doll Asseblage experiments free source code ]
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Avida - An auto-adaptive genetic system designed primarily for use as a platform in Digital or Artificial Life research. Download source, binaries and documentation. Unix/Windows.
BugBots - BugBots is a game, sort of. Really it's a project in Artificial Intelligence, and Object Oriented Design with heavy abstraction.
Chaco the Chaos Collection - A collection of small tools for Chaos Modelling, based on ideas of Life game, Tierra and others.
Meta Description: [ The world's largest development and download repository of Open Source code and applications ]
Coyote Gulch Productions - Java and C++ programming examples and information including genetic and neural algorithms, automata and natural systems.
DarwinBots - A free artificial life program running under Windows. English/Italian.
Electric Sheep Screen-saver - Electric Sheep realizes the collective dream of sleeping computers from all over the internet. Free; Linux, MacOS X.
Meta Description: [ Electric Sheep realizes the collective dream of
sleeping computers from all over the internet. ]
Flocking Experiment - Two flocks of birds migrating to different locations flock together before splitting apart.
Floys - Territorial alife java creatures - Floys are flocking Alife creatures having a territorial awareness: they defend their territory against any stranger. Floys are implemented in Java applets with free source code.
Meta Description: [ Floys are flocking Alife creatures having a territorial awareness: they defend their territory against any stranger. Floys are implemented in Java applets with free source code ]
Java Fish - An aquarium simulation written in Java. The program uses neural networks for all of the fish being simulated, and the fish are artificially evolved from random starting information.
Meta Description: [ The world's largest development and download repository of Open Source code and applications ]
Kasprzyk's ALife Page - Artificial Life for the Macintosh.
Manna Mouse - Exploration of fitness landscapes.
Meta Description: [ Caplet(tm) Security: A Consulting Company ]
Physis - Physis is a software platform for testing the evolvability of different assembly-like programming languages.
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Pigs and People - Pigs and people compares W-learning and the drives action selection mechanism in a Java implementation.
PS-I - A sourceforge project for an environment for creating and running agent-based models. Tcl/Tk scriptable, cross-platform (Windows and Linux/Unix).
The Breve Simulation Environment - MacOSX software for simulation of artificial life and decentralized systems.
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