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Computer software (or simply software) is the programs and procedures that enable a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware). This includes application software such as a word processor, which enables a user to perform a task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables other software to run properly, by interfacing with hardware and with other software.
The term "software" was first used in this sense by John W. Tukey in 1957. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer systems, programs and data. The concept of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a device to control computations was invented by Charles Babbage as part of his difference engine. The theory that is the basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Hally, Mike (2005:79). Electronic brains/Stories from the dawn of the computer age. British Broadcasting Corporation and Granta Books, London. ISBN 1-86-207663-4.
Relationship to hardware
Computer software is so called in contrast to computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. In computers, software is loaded into RAM and executed in the central processing unit. At the lowest level, software consists of a machine language specific to an individual processor. A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions (object code), which change the state of the computer from its preceding state. Software is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. It is generally written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language. High-level languages are compiled or interpreted into machine language object code. Software may also be written in an assembly language, essentially, a mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language must be assembled into object code via an assembler. More on [ Computer software ]
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Alyuda NeuroIntelligence - Neural network software and Excel add-ins for forecasting and data analysis. Supports several algorithms. Trial versions are available.
Meta Description: [ Neural network software for data mining, forecasting, stock market prediction, pattern recognition, trading ]
Amygdala - Open-source software for simulating spiking neural networks, written in C++.
Annie - Open-source neural network library for C++ (Windows and Linux). Support for MLP, RBF and Hopfield networks. Interfaces with Matlab's Neural Network Toolbox.
Meta Description: [ Artifical neural network (ann) library in C++ for Windows and Linux ]
Cobalt A.I. - Provides programming tools for rapid application development of artificial intelligence systems.
Meta Description: [ CobaltAI.com is the industry leader in providing A.I. software component products, services and resources that facilitate the rapid development of A.I. software systems. ]
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Cortex - A back propagation neural network application.
Meta Description: [ Backpropagation Neural Networks with
the User Interface. Design, Teach and Use Neural Networks. Tutorial
with examples (stock market trading). ]
DELVE - A standard environment for evaluating the performance of learning methods. Includes a number of datasets and an archive of learning methods.
EasyNN - Neural network software for Windows with numeric, text and image functions.
Meta Description: [ Neural network software for Windows with numeric, text and image functions. Download a free copy of EasyNN-plus. The easy way to build neural networks. ]
ECANSE - Provides a development environment for the design, simulation and testing of neural networks and their applications up to the production of an optimized software solution.
FANN - Neural network library implemented in ANSI C. Creates multilayer feedforward networks with support for both fully connected and sparse connected networks. Supports execution in fixed point, for fast execution on systems like the iPAQ.
Genesis - A platform for simulating complex neural systems.
Java library - Open source Java implementation of feed-forward neural nets: multi-layer perceptrons, generalized and modular feed-forward networks.
Joone - Java Object Oriented Neural Engine is a free java neural net framework. Can be extended writing new modules.
libF2N2 - An open source neural network library. Implements feedforward neural network classes in multiple languages including C++ and PHP.
Lightweight Neural Network++ - Free software project. Implements a general feed forward neural network and some training techniques.
LTF-Cimulator - LTF-C neural networks simulator for solving classification problems.
Meta Description: [ LTF-Cimulator ]
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MATLAB Neural Network Toolbox Tutorial - A tutorial on how to construct custom neural networks starting from an empty network object.
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N.A.R.I.A. - An open project about simulating human-like intelligence with the help of neural networks.
Meta Description: [ N.A.R.I.A. is an open project about creating artificial intelligence with the help of recurrent asymmetric neural networks. ]
Netlab - A library of MATLAB functions for simulating neural network algorithms based on the book Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition by Chris Bishop.
Neurak - A freeware environment for development and application of artificial neural networks.
Meta Description: [ Quaternions.Net ]
Neural Network Leaves Recognition - A neural network based system to recognize leaves written in Java. A Java-Applet is also available.
Meta Description: [ Neuronal network based recognition system of leaf images ]
Neural Network Toolbox for MATLAB - An environment for neural network research, design, and simulation within MATLAB.
Meta Description: [ The Neural Network Toolbox for use with MATLAB provides tools for design, implementation, visualization, and simulation of neural networks. ]
Neural Networks at your Fingertips - Neural network simulators for eight different network architectures with embedded example applications coded in portable ANSI C.
NeuralWorks - Professional II/PLUS is a comprehensive neural network development environment. Available for Windows and Unix. Predict is a neural network tool for solving prediction and classification problems. Available for Unix or as an Excel add-in for Windows.
NeuroBox - An opensource .NET OOP library project written in C# to generate, propagate and train complex neural feedforward networks.
Meta Description: [ NeuroBox is a .NET OOP Library written in C# to generate, propagate and train complex neuronal networks with technologies like backpropagation using weight decay, momentum term, manhattan training, flatspot elimination etc. ]
NeuroDesigner - A family of Java based computer products for neural network applications.
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Neuromat - Model Manager for development of bayesian neural networks.
NeuroMine - Neural network COM+ components and development environment for forecasting and data analysis. Supports several algorithms. Trial version is available.
Meta Description: [ NeuroMine Neural Network Software ]
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NeuroShell Predictor - Forecasting and estimation software based on neural networks. Demo version available.
NeuroSolutions - Icon-based neural network development software. Supports several types of networks and training algorithms. Trial version is available.
Meta Description: [ The development tool of choice among neural network researchers and application developers is NeuroSolutions.
NeuroSolutions' icon-based graphical user interface provides the most powerful and flexible development environment available on the market today. ]
NeuroXL - MS Excel add-ins based on neural networks. Designed for predicting, classification and financial forecasting.
Meta Description: [ Neural Network Software Add-ins for Microsoft Excel ]
NNSYSID Toolbox - A set of MATLAB tools for neural network based identification of nonlinear dynamic systems.
PDP++ - A neural-network simulation system based on C++. This is the next generation of the PDP software originally released with McClelland and Rumelhart's PDP book.
Penguinwerks - Open source neural network library to create multi-layer perceptrons. Written in C#.
Psyche - C++ libraries: multi-layer perceptron with stochastic learing and genetic algorithms.
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Pythia - Software for simulation of back propagation neural networks. Evaluation version available.
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Simbrain - A free java-based neural network simulation kit.
Stuttgart Neural Network Simulator - Description of the features of the Unix and X11 based simulator, information about how to obtain the SNNS sources and an online user manual.
Meta Description: [ SNNS (Stuttgart Neural Network Simulator) home page. ]
The Neural Simulation Language - A simulation system for modeling large-scale general neural networks.
Tiberius - Neural network for classification and regression problems. Supports ODBC and Excel.
Meta Description: [ neural network software and data mining services ]
Tom-ato's OCR - Showcases a java applet designed to recognize hand printed digits using a neural network. Digits can be drawn using the mouse and recognized by the applet in the browser.
Torch - A library of state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. Licensed under the GPL, and designed for Unix and Linux environments.
Tradecision - Neural network software for technical analysis and stock market trading. Demo is available.
Meta Description: [ Trading software for stocks, futures, Forex traders. Platform for technical analysis, neural nets stock prediction, strategy testing, money management ]
Xerion - Neural network simulator based on C and Tcl. Made up of C libraries to build networks, and pre-built simulators.
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