Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of life, a bridge between biology and chemistry that studies how complex chemical reactions and chemical structures give rise to life. It is a hybrid branch of chemistry which specialises in the chemical processes and chemical transformations in living organisms. This article only discusses terrestrial biochemistry (carbon- and water-based), as all the life forms we know are on Earth. Since life forms alive today are believed to have descended from the same common ancestor, they naturally have similar biochemistries, even for matters which would appear to be essentially arbitrary, such as the genetic code or handedness of various biomolecules. It is unknown whether alternate biochemistries are possible or practical.
Biochemistry is the study of the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules. Chemical biology aims to answer many questions arising from biochemistry by using tools developed within synthetic chemistry.
Although there are a vast number of different biomolecules, they tend to be composed of the same repeating subunits (called monomers), in different orders. Each class of biomolecules has a different set of subunits. Recently, biochemistry has focused more specifically on the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, and on the properties of proteins.
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Dendral and Congen - Developed in 1980, The DENDRAL Project delt with analysis of molecular structure in organic chemistry. The chemical and physical properties of compounds are determined not just by their constituent atoms, but by the arrangement of these atoms as well. The CONGEN program implements the general (acyclic and cyclic) generation algorithm in a system that allows a chemist to constrain its enumeration in a variety of ways.
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The MatterHorn Materials Discovery Database - An artificial neural network cascade, containing 16 individual neural network modules and approximately 1,000 processing units, has produced an interactive database containing a broad range of chemical and physical properties for nearly a quarter million potential binary and ternary chemical systems.
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